Secuelas del maltrato infantil en los procesos de aprendizaje social de las niñas de diez a doce años durante su etapa de adaptación en el Refugio San José de la ciudad de Bucaramanga.
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Date
2025-05-30
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Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Type
Trabajo de Investigación e Innovación
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Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Abstract
El maltrato infantil es una problemática social que afecta profundamente el desarrollo emocional, social y cognitivo de niños y niñas, dejando secuelas que impactan su capacidad para establecer vínculos afectivos, aprender y adaptarse a nuevos entornos. En el caso específico de las niñas acogidas en el Refugio San José de Bucaramanga, estas consecuencias se evidencian especialmente durante su proceso de adaptación institucional, tras haber sido víctimas de violencia física, psicológica, negligencia o abuso sexual.
Con el propósito de abordar esta situación, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar una estrategia psicosocial dirigida al equipo interdisciplinario del Refugio, orientada a fortalecer los procesos de aprendizaje social de niñas entre los 10 y 12 años de edad. Para ello, se desarrolló una investigación-acción de enfoque cualitativo, en la que se aplicaron diversas técnicas como entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y grupales, talleres reflexivos, observación participante y elaboración de un mapa simbólico. Estas herramientas permitieron identificar tanto las causas del ingreso de las niñas al proceso de restablecimiento de derechos como las secuelas psicosociales que afectan su desarrollo social y emocional. A partir del análisis de la información recolectada, se construyó colectivamente una propuesta de intervención que articula los saberes del equipo profesional desde un enfoque de derechos, diferencial y de género. Asimismo, se integraron teorías como el aprendizaje social, el enfoque sistémico y el enfoque basado en derechos, con el fin de mejorar el acompañamiento institucional y contribuir a la resignificación de las experiencias vividas por las niñas.
Child abuse is a social problem that profoundly affects the emotional, social and cognitive development of children, leaving sequelae that impact their ability to establish emotional bonds, learn and adapt to new environments. In the specific case of the girls sheltered at the San José Shelter in Bucaramanga, these consequences are especially evident during their institutional adaptation process, after having been victims of physical and psychological violence, neglect or sexual abuse. In order to address this situation, the present study aimed to design a psychosocial strategy directed to the interdisciplinary team of the shelter, oriented to strengthen the social learning processes of girls between 10 and 12 years of age. For this purpose, a qualitative action-research approach was developed, in which several techniques were applied, such as semi-structured individual and group interviews, reflective workshops, participant observation and the elaboration of a symbolic map. These tools made it possible to identify both the causes of the girls' entry into the rights restoration process and the psychosocial sequelae that affect their social and emotional development. Based on the analysis of the information collected, an intervention proposal was collectively constructed that articulates the knowledge of the professional team from a rights-based, differential and gender approach. Likewise, theories such as social learning, the systemic approach and the rights-based approach were integrated in order to improve the institutional accompaniment and contribute to the resignification of the experiences lived by the girls.
Child abuse is a social problem that profoundly affects the emotional, social and cognitive development of children, leaving sequelae that impact their ability to establish emotional bonds, learn and adapt to new environments. In the specific case of the girls sheltered at the San José Shelter in Bucaramanga, these consequences are especially evident during their institutional adaptation process, after having been victims of physical and psychological violence, neglect or sexual abuse. In order to address this situation, the present study aimed to design a psychosocial strategy directed to the interdisciplinary team of the shelter, oriented to strengthen the social learning processes of girls between 10 and 12 years of age. For this purpose, a qualitative action-research approach was developed, in which several techniques were applied, such as semi-structured individual and group interviews, reflective workshops, participant observation and the elaboration of a symbolic map. These tools made it possible to identify both the causes of the girls' entry into the rights restoration process and the psychosocial sequelae that affect their social and emotional development. Based on the analysis of the information collected, an intervention proposal was collectively constructed that articulates the knowledge of the professional team from a rights-based, differential and gender approach. Likewise, theories such as social learning, the systemic approach and the rights-based approach were integrated in order to improve the institutional accompaniment and contribute to the resignification of the experiences lived by the girls.
Description
Contribuir a la cualificación técnica del equipo interdisciplinar a través del diseño de una estrategia psicosocial del Refugio San José de la ciudad Bucaramanga que fortalezca los procesos de aprendizaje social en las niñas de diez a doce años, durante su etapa de adaptación frente a las secuelas del maltrato.
Keywords
Maltrato infantil, resignificación, aprendizaje social, restitución de derechos, redes de apoyo.