Evaluación del riesgo biomecánico en el proceso productivo de una fábrica de ladrillos ubicada en el municipio de Agua de Dios, Cundinamarca.
Loading...
Date
Advisors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Abstract
El presente estudio evalúa el riesgo biomecánico en el proceso productivo de Ladrilleras San Pablo S.A.S., empresa fabricante de materiales cerámicos para la construcción ubicada en el municipio de Agua de Dios, Cundinamarca. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque mixto que integra técnicas cuantitativas principalmente el método REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) con herramientas cualitativas como la observación directa, encuestas sociodemográficas y la matriz de identificación de peligros GTC-45. La muestra estuvo conformada por los 30 trabajadores del área de cargue y descargue, quienes conforman el grupo de exposición similar (GES). Se evaluaron siete tareas representativas: apilamiento de ladrillos, cargue al horno, transporte con carretilla (zorro), cargue manual al camión, descargue del vehículo, empuje de carretilla al horno y reacomodación de pilas inestables.
Todas las tareas obtuvieron puntuaciones REBA entre 11 y 13 puntos, clasificadas en el Nivel de Actuación 4 (Riesgo Muy Alto), con necesidad de intervención inmediata en todos los casos. Los resultados de la encuesta revelaron que el 80% de los trabajadores reportó síntomas musculoesqueléticos, siendo la región lumbar la más afectada (71,4%), seguida de la espalda alta (60,7%), muñecas y manos (42,9%) y hombros (39,3%). El 33,3% de la población había tenido incapacidades médicas por dolor musculoesquelético en el último año, y el 26,7% contaba con diagnóstico médico formal de lesión osteomuscular relacionada con el trabajo.
La coherencia entre las zonas corporales afectadas y los segmentos con mayor puntaje REBA valida la consistencia del diagnóstico ergonómico. Los hallazgos confirman una relación directa y significativa entre la exposición biomecánica laboral y la morbilidad sentida de los trabajadores, sustentando la necesidad urgente de implementar controles ergonómicos que incluyan controles de ingeniería, ayudas mecánicas, rediseño de puestos y programas estructurados de prevención en el marco del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SG-SST). Analizando estos riesgos se han propuesto unas medidas de intervención de acuerdo a los criterios de jerarquización, entre ello se plantea realizar una seria de pausas activas, estiramiento diarias para los trabajadores de la Ladrillera San Pablo S.A.S
The present study evaluates the biomechanical risk in the production process of Ladrilleras San Pablo S.A.S, a company that manufactures ceramic construction materials located in the municipality of Agua de Dios, Cundinamarca. The research was developed under a mixed-method approach that integrates quantitative techniques, mainly the REBA method (Rapid Entire Body Assessment), with qualitative tools such as direct observation, sociodemographic surveys, and the GTC-45 hazard identification matrix. The sample consisted of the 30 workers from the loading and unloading area, who make up the Similar Exposure Group (SEG). Seven representative tasks were evaluated: brick stacking, kiln loading, wheelbarrow transport, manual truck loading, vehicle unloading, wheelbarrow pushing to the kiln, and rearranging unstable stacks. All tasks obtained REBA scores between 11 and 13 points, classified as Action Level 4 (Very High Risk), requiring immediate intervention in all cases. The survey results revealed that 80% of workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms, with the lower back being the most affected region (71.4%), followed by the upper back (60.7%), wrists and hands (42.9%), and shoulders (39.3%). In addition, 33.3% of the population had medical leave due to musculoskeletal pain during the last year, and 26.7% had a formal medical diagnosis of a work-related musculoskeletal injury. The consistency between the affected body areas and the segments with the highest REBA scores validates the ergonomic diagnosis. The findings confirm a direct and significant relationship between occupational biomechanical exposure and the perceived morbidity of workers, supporting the urgent need to implement ergonomic controls, including engineering controls, mechanical aids, workstation redesign, and structured prevention programs within the framework of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SG-SST). Based on the analysis of these risks, intervention measures have been proposed according to prioritization criteria, including the implementation of active breaks and daily stretching routines for the workers of Ladrilleras San Pablo S.A.S.
The present study evaluates the biomechanical risk in the production process of Ladrilleras San Pablo S.A.S, a company that manufactures ceramic construction materials located in the municipality of Agua de Dios, Cundinamarca. The research was developed under a mixed-method approach that integrates quantitative techniques, mainly the REBA method (Rapid Entire Body Assessment), with qualitative tools such as direct observation, sociodemographic surveys, and the GTC-45 hazard identification matrix. The sample consisted of the 30 workers from the loading and unloading area, who make up the Similar Exposure Group (SEG). Seven representative tasks were evaluated: brick stacking, kiln loading, wheelbarrow transport, manual truck loading, vehicle unloading, wheelbarrow pushing to the kiln, and rearranging unstable stacks. All tasks obtained REBA scores between 11 and 13 points, classified as Action Level 4 (Very High Risk), requiring immediate intervention in all cases. The survey results revealed that 80% of workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms, with the lower back being the most affected region (71.4%), followed by the upper back (60.7%), wrists and hands (42.9%), and shoulders (39.3%). In addition, 33.3% of the population had medical leave due to musculoskeletal pain during the last year, and 26.7% had a formal medical diagnosis of a work-related musculoskeletal injury. The consistency between the affected body areas and the segments with the highest REBA scores validates the ergonomic diagnosis. The findings confirm a direct and significant relationship between occupational biomechanical exposure and the perceived morbidity of workers, supporting the urgent need to implement ergonomic controls, including engineering controls, mechanical aids, workstation redesign, and structured prevention programs within the framework of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SG-SST). Based on the analysis of these risks, intervention measures have been proposed according to prioritization criteria, including the implementation of active breaks and daily stretching routines for the workers of Ladrilleras San Pablo S.A.S.
Description
Evaluar el nivel de riesgo biomecánico en el proceso productivo de la empresa Ladrillera San Pablo S.A.S., ubicada en el municipio de Agua de Dios, Cundinamarca.
Citation
Becerra Osorio, S & Pérez León, N. (2026).Evaluar el nivel de riesgo biomecánico en el proceso productivo de la empresa Ladrillera San Pablo S.A.S., ubicada en el municipio de Agua de Dios, Cundinamarca.[Monografía. Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO] Repositorio-UNIMINUTO
