Un acercamiento al microsistema y la salud mental de los adolescentes del grado noveno de la Institución Educativa San Miguel
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Date
2024-06-09
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Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO
Type
Trabajo de Investigación e Innovación
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Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad identificar las dinámicas familiares y las percepciones individuales de los adolescentes sobre salud mental de la Institución Educativa San Miguel del corregimiento de Nariño en el Municipio de Tuluá. La metodología utilizada es de tipo explicativa con un enfoque cualitativo basado desde el paradigma interpretativo permitiendo analizar, describir y comprender la realidad en la que se desenvuelve los adolescentes, teniendo en cuenta que son entornos cambiantes donde se pueden presentar diversas situaciones difíciles de manejar por parte de ellos.
Para el análisis de los resultados se tuvo en cuenta en la fundamentación teórica la cual permitió indagar en diversas teorías como La Teoría Ecológica de los Sistemas de Urie Bronfenbrenner donde la persona se ve influenciada por los diferentes factores que existen en los numerosos entornos a los cuales pertenece, ayudando a comprender un poco más las conductas de los seres humanos; por otro lado, también se indago sobre La Teoría del Desarrollo Psicosocial de Erik Erikson, la cual permitió identificar los diferentes estadios por los que atraviesa el ser humano, donde existen transformaciones psicosociales generando con esto un desarrollo y madurez en los comportamientos de las personas.
Mediante la aplicación del instrumento de entrevista semiestructurada y cuestionario se obtuvo que los adolescentes pertenecen a familias tradicionales, monoparentales, reconstruida y extensa. Así mimo, se identificó que la familia cumple un papel fundamental para el desarrollo integral del adolescente, donde influyen aspectos como la comunicación, el tiempo, la identificación de los roles, las normas que se deben tener en el hogar, la manera de abordar las diversas situaciones que se presentan en el día a día y puedan afectar de alguna manera la salud mental y tener en cuenta cómo influye el entorno educativo para que exista un funcionamiento vital en el microsistema familiar, siendo este el primer entorno en donde se desenvuelve el individuo.
Así, para analizar los datos mencionados se tomaron en cuenta los conceptos de salud mental, dinámicas familiares y entornos educativos que guiaron según las normativas 1098 Código de Infancia y Adolescencia, Ley 1616 de 2013 de Salud Mental y Ley 1620 de 2013 Sistema Nacional de Convivencia Escolar y Formación para ejercer los Derechos Humanos.
The purpose of this research was to identify the family dynamics and individual perceptions of adolescents on mental health at the San Miguel Educational Institution of the Nariño Correction in the Municipality of Tuluá. The methodology used is of an explanatory type with a qualitative approach based on the interpretativist paradigm allowing to analyze, describe and understand the reality in which adolescents develop, taking into account that they are changing environments where various situations can be presented difficult to manage by them. For the analysis of the results was taken into account the theoretical foundations which allowed to inquire in various theories such as The Ecological Theory of the Urie Bronfenbrenner Systems where the person is influenced by the different factors that exist in the numerous environments to which he belongs, helping to understand a little more the behaviors of human beings; on the other hand, also inquire about Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory, which enabled to identify the different states through which the human being passes, where there are psychosocial transformations generating with this a development and maturity in the behaviours of people. Through the application of the semi-structured interview and questionnaire instrument, it was obtained that adolescents belong to traditional, single-parent, reconstructed and extensive families. It was also identified that the family plays a fundamental role for the integral development of the adolescent, where aspects such as communication, time, the identification of roles, the norms that must be had in the home, the way to address the various situations that appear in the day-to-day and may somehow affect mental health and to take into account how the educational environment influences for a vital functioning in the microsystem.It is so, as the concepts of mental health, family dynamics and educational environments were taken into account for the analysis of the results mentioned, guiding us under the norms 1098 Code of Childhood and Adolescence, Law 1616 of 2013 on Mental Health and the Law 1620 of 2013 National System of School Coexistence and Training for the exercise of Human Rights.
The purpose of this research was to identify the family dynamics and individual perceptions of adolescents on mental health at the San Miguel Educational Institution of the Nariño Correction in the Municipality of Tuluá. The methodology used is of an explanatory type with a qualitative approach based on the interpretativist paradigm allowing to analyze, describe and understand the reality in which adolescents develop, taking into account that they are changing environments where various situations can be presented difficult to manage by them. For the analysis of the results was taken into account the theoretical foundations which allowed to inquire in various theories such as The Ecological Theory of the Urie Bronfenbrenner Systems where the person is influenced by the different factors that exist in the numerous environments to which he belongs, helping to understand a little more the behaviors of human beings; on the other hand, also inquire about Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory, which enabled to identify the different states through which the human being passes, where there are psychosocial transformations generating with this a development and maturity in the behaviours of people. Through the application of the semi-structured interview and questionnaire instrument, it was obtained that adolescents belong to traditional, single-parent, reconstructed and extensive families. It was also identified that the family plays a fundamental role for the integral development of the adolescent, where aspects such as communication, time, the identification of roles, the norms that must be had in the home, the way to address the various situations that appear in the day-to-day and may somehow affect mental health and to take into account how the educational environment influences for a vital functioning in the microsystem.It is so, as the concepts of mental health, family dynamics and educational environments were taken into account for the analysis of the results mentioned, guiding us under the norms 1098 Code of Childhood and Adolescence, Law 1616 of 2013 on Mental Health and the Law 1620 of 2013 National System of School Coexistence and Training for the exercise of Human Rights.
Description
Objetivo general: Analizar las características de la dinámica familiar a partir del estado de la salud mental de los estudiantes del grado noveno del Colegio San Miguel, ubicado en el corregimiento de Nariño del Municipio de Tuluá.
Keywords
Adolescence, Mental Health, Family Dynamics, Educational Environment, Adolescencia, Salud Mental, Dinámica Familiar, Entorno Educativo