Factores que inciden en la desnutrición de niños y niñas de 0 a 10 años pertenecientes a las comunidades indígenas que residen en la ciudad de Medellín, y su relación con las prácticas alimentarias tradicionales
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Date
2025-05-30
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Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO
Type
Monografía
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Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Abstract
Este trabajo de grado analiza los factores que inciden en la desnutrición de niños y niñas de 0 a 10 años pertenecientes a comunidades indígenas, particularmente del pueblo Embera, que residen en la ciudad de Medellín tras procesos de desplazamiento forzado. A través de un enfoque cualitativo, con base en el paradigma comprensivo-interpretativo y el método fenomenológico, se recolectó información mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a madres cabeza de hogar, líderes comunitarios y personal institucional vinculado a programas sociales.
Los resultados evidencian que la desnutrición infantil en esta población no solo responde a la carencia de alimentos, sino también a múltiples factores sociales, económicos y culturales, entre ellos: la pobreza extrema, la informalidad laboral, el acceso limitado a servicios de salud y educación, las barreras lingüísticas, la pérdida de prácticas alimentarias tradicionales y las condiciones precarias de vivienda. A pesar de recibir ayudas institucionales, las comunidades indígenas continúan enfrentando serias dificultades estructurales que impiden mejorar su calidad de vida.
La investigación concluye que es indispensable fortalecer la autogestión comunitaria, mejorar la higiene en el entorno familiar, y garantizar un control efectivo sobre los programas sociales, asegurando que los recursos lleguen a quienes realmente los necesitan. Asimismo, se hace un llamado a la formulación de políticas públicas interculturales, sostenibles y participativas, que respeten la identidad cultural indígena y promuevan su bienestar integral.
This undergraduate thesis analyzes the factors influencing malnutrition among Indigenous children aged 0 to 10, particularly from the Embera community, who reside in the city of Medellín as a result of forced displacement. Using a qualitative approach within the comprehensive-interpretive paradigm and phenomenological methodology, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with Indigenous mothers, community leaders, and institutional staff involved in social programs. The findings reveal that child malnutrition in this population is not only due to food scarcity, but also to a complex interaction of social, economic, and cultural factors. These include extreme poverty, informal employment, limited access to health and education services, language and cultural barriers, loss of traditional food practices, and precarious housing conditions. Despite receiving institutional aid, Indigenous communities continue to face structural barriers that hinder real improvements in their quality of life. The study concludes that it is essential to strengthen community self-management, promote hygiene practices in households, and improve monitoring of social programs to ensure that resources reach the most vulnerable. The research calls for public policies that are intercultural, sustainable, and participatory, respecting Indigenous identity and promoting their comprehensive well-being.
This undergraduate thesis analyzes the factors influencing malnutrition among Indigenous children aged 0 to 10, particularly from the Embera community, who reside in the city of Medellín as a result of forced displacement. Using a qualitative approach within the comprehensive-interpretive paradigm and phenomenological methodology, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with Indigenous mothers, community leaders, and institutional staff involved in social programs. The findings reveal that child malnutrition in this population is not only due to food scarcity, but also to a complex interaction of social, economic, and cultural factors. These include extreme poverty, informal employment, limited access to health and education services, language and cultural barriers, loss of traditional food practices, and precarious housing conditions. Despite receiving institutional aid, Indigenous communities continue to face structural barriers that hinder real improvements in their quality of life. The study concludes that it is essential to strengthen community self-management, promote hygiene practices in households, and improve monitoring of social programs to ensure that resources reach the most vulnerable. The research calls for public policies that are intercultural, sustainable, and participatory, respecting Indigenous identity and promoting their comprehensive well-being.
Description
Analizar los factores que inciden en la desnutrición de niños y niñas de 0 a 10 años pertenecientes a las comunidades indígenas que residen en la ciudad de Medellín, y cómo se relacionan con sus prácticas alimentarias tradicionales
Keywords
Desnutrición infantil, Comunidades indígenas, Prácticas alimentarias tradicionales, Desplazamiento forzado, Exclusión social, Autogestión comunitaria, Child malnutrition, Indigenous communities, Traditional food practices, Forced displacement, Social exclusion, Community self-management