Niveles de estrés y síndrome de burnout en trabajadoras domésticas de los municipios de ManíCasanare, Arauca-Arauca y la ciudad de Cali-Valle
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Date
2024-07-23
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Editors
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Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Type
Trabajo de Investigación e Innovación
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Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Abstract
En Colombia, el trabajo doméstico representa una labor desvalorizada y atosigante, que generalmente presenta altas demandas pero con pocas garantías laborales, lo que conlleva a que las trabajadoras presenten diferentes riesgos psicosociales asociados al estrés, la carga emocional, o el síndrome de burnout; es por ello, que se realiza la presente investigación con el objetivo de analizar los niveles de estrés y síndrome de Burnout en trabajadoras domésticas de los municipios de Maní- Casanare, Arauca-Arauca y la cuidad de Cali-Valle. La investigación representa un enfoque mixto el cual brinda procesos sistemáticos, empíricos y críticos de investigación e implican la recolección y el análisis de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, y tiene un alcance descriptivo que busca especificar propiedades y características importantes de cualquier fenómeno analizado. Para la muestra, se seleccionaron 18 participantes por un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Por otro lado, como instrumentos se empleó la Escala de Estrés percibido (PSS), el cuestionario MBI de Maslach y se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada sociodemográfica para obtener información general de la población. Los resultados arrojaron que, en los municipios de Maní y Cali, las trabajadoras experimentan altos niveles de agotamiento emocional a consecuencia de la sobrecarga laboral y horas extensas en el trabajo, mientras que en Arauca se presenta un bajo índice del mismo a causa del apoyo social en el trabajo y la satisfacción laboral. Se observó que las trabajadoras de los tres municipios han sentido deseo de renunciar, pero no lo hacen por varios motivos que puede estar relacionados con factores económicos, personales, sociales y laborales.
In Colombia, domestic work represents an undervalued and burdensome task, which generally presents high demands but with few job guarantees, which leads to workers presenting different psychosocial risks associated with stress, emotional burden, or burnout syndrome; that is why the present research is carried out with the objective of analyzing the levels of stress and burnout syndrome in domestic workers from the municipalities of Maní-Casanare, Arauca-Arauca and the city of Cali-Valle. The research represents a mixed approach which provides systematic, empirical and critical research processes and involves the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data, and has a descriptive scope that seeks to specify important properties and characteristics of any phenomenon analyzed. For the sample, 18 participants were selected by a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. On the other hand, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Malash MBI questionnaire were used as instruments, and a semistructured sociodemographic interview was used to obtain general information about the population. The results showed that, in the municipalities of Maní and Cali, female workers experience high levels of emotional exhaustion as a result of work overload and long hours at work, while in Arauca there is a low rate of this due to social support at work and job satisfaction. It was observed that female workers in the three municipalities have felt the desire to resign, but do not do so for various reasons that may be related to economic, personal, social and work factors.
In Colombia, domestic work represents an undervalued and burdensome task, which generally presents high demands but with few job guarantees, which leads to workers presenting different psychosocial risks associated with stress, emotional burden, or burnout syndrome; that is why the present research is carried out with the objective of analyzing the levels of stress and burnout syndrome in domestic workers from the municipalities of Maní-Casanare, Arauca-Arauca and the city of Cali-Valle. The research represents a mixed approach which provides systematic, empirical and critical research processes and involves the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data, and has a descriptive scope that seeks to specify important properties and characteristics of any phenomenon analyzed. For the sample, 18 participants were selected by a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. On the other hand, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Malash MBI questionnaire were used as instruments, and a semistructured sociodemographic interview was used to obtain general information about the population. The results showed that, in the municipalities of Maní and Cali, female workers experience high levels of emotional exhaustion as a result of work overload and long hours at work, while in Arauca there is a low rate of this due to social support at work and job satisfaction. It was observed that female workers in the three municipalities have felt the desire to resign, but do not do so for various reasons that may be related to economic, personal, social and work factors.
Description
Analizar los niveles de estrés y síndrome de Burnout en trabajadoras domésticas de los municipios de Maní- Casanare, Arauca-Arauca y la ciudad de Cali-Valle.
Keywords
Trabajadore Domésticas, Factores de Riesgo, Estrés Laboral, Síndrome de Burnout, Riesgos Psicosociales, Domestic Workers, Risk Factors, Work Stress, Burnout Syndrome, Psychosocial Risks