Caracterización morfológica de las poblaciones de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares nativas asociadas a fincas ganaderas y zona de bosque en suelos de Caño Cristales de la Macarena Meta
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2023-11-28
Authors
Figueroa Romero, Hernán
Advisors
Velasco Belalcázar, Martha Lucia
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios- UNIMINUTO
Type
Thesis
Rights
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Abstract
La biodiversidad de Colombia está disminuyendo a un ritmo acelerado debido a las actividades de deforestación a causa de la agricultura y la ganadería, dado que tienen un efecto en la comunidad de microorganismos presentes en el suelo, lo que a su vez repercute en el crecimiento de las especies vegetales. Es por ello, que la presente investigación pretendió realizar una caracterización morfológica de las poblaciones de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares nativas en suelos de la región de la Macarena- Meta, para conocer la biodiversidad presente en este territorio y facilitar acciones de conservación. Para lo anterior, se estableció un diseño y muestreo de suelo completamente al azar en las dos zonas de estudio (Bosque y pastizal). De cada una se seleccionaron tres localidades (3 fincas ganaderas y 3 zonas de bosque) de las cuales obtuvieron un total de 6 muestras de suelo rizosférico. A cada muestra se le realizó 5 eventos de extracción de esporas mediante la técnica de decantación y tamizado húmedo seguida de centrifugación en solución azucarada al 70%. Con los datos obtenidos se realizaron análisis de medias, a través de la Prueba t-studens y se calculó el índice de correlación de Pearson. Se logró la extracción y recuento de 243.858 esporas de HMA en todo el estudio. Al comparar el bosque con el potrero, en términos de número promedio de esporas, se observó que el entorno boscoso (10,421.77 esporas/100 gr de suelo) presentan una considerable (n=30; p-valor: 0.0000000000019209) abundancia de esporas en contraposición a las muestras tomadas en el potrero (5,835.467 esporas/100 gr de suelo). Por otro lado, se evidenció una correlación negativa (-0,63347) entre el número de esporas y el pH del suelo de los sitios de muestreo, es decir, con una probabilidad de p=0,00017153, se evidencia que, a mayor pH en el suelo, se encuentra una menor densidad o número de esporas de HMA presentes en estos. Las esporas encontradas correspondían a 36 morfotipos clasificadas taxonómicamente en tres órdenes (Diversisporales, Glomerales, Paraglomerales). De igual forma se encontró que el género Glomus presentó el mayor número de morfos con 17 formas diferentes, seguido de Acaulospora (13), Gigaspora (2), Claroideoglomus (2), Paraglomus y Scutellospora cada uno con una sola morfoespecie .Se pudo concluir que la alta riqueza y abundancia de esporas encontradas y extraídas en este estudio presentan un potencial enorme en la generación de bioinoculantes nativos que se pueden utilizar para el desarrollo de estrategias de conservación y mejora de la salud del suelo de la región de la Macarena.
Colombia's biodiversity is decreasing at an accelerated rate due to deforestation activities due to agriculture and livestock, since they have an effect on the community of microorganisms present in the soil, which in turn affects the growth of plant species. For this reason, this research aimed to carry out a morphological characterization of the populations of native arbuscular mycorrhiza-forming fungi in soils of the Macarena-Meta region, to understand the biodiversity present in this territory and facilitate conservation actions. For the above, a completely random design and soil sampling was established in the two study areas (Forest and grassland). From each one, three locations were selected (3 livestock farms and 3 forest areas) from which a total of 6 rhizospheric soil samples were obtained. Each sample underwent 5 spore extraction events using the wet decanting and sieving technique followed by centrifugation in 70% sugar solution. With the data obtained, analysis of means was carried out through the t-studens test and the Pearson correlation index was calculated. The extraction and counting of 243,858 AMF spores was achieved throughout the study. When comparing the forest with the pasture, in terms of average number of spores, it was observed that the forest environment (10,421.77 spores/100 g of soil) present a considerable (n=30; p-value: 0.0000000000019209) abundance of spores in contrast to the samples taken in the pasture (5,835,467 spores/100 g of soil). On the other hand, a negative correlation (-0.63347) was evident between the number of spores and the pH of the soil at the sampling sites, that is, with a probability of p=0.00017153, it is evident that the higher the pH In the soil, there is a lower density or number of AMF spores present in them. The spores found corresponded to 36 morphotypes classified taxonomically in three orders (Diversisporales, Glomerales, Paraglomerales). Likewise, it was found that the genus Glomus presented the greatest number of morphs with 17 different forms, followed by Acaulospora (13), Gigaspora (2), Claroideoglomus (2), Paraglomus and Scutellospora each with a single morphspecies. It was possible to conclude that the high richness and abundance of spores found and extracted in this study present enormous potential in the generation of native bioinoculants that can be used for the development of conservation strategies and improvement of soil health in the Macarena region.
Colombia's biodiversity is decreasing at an accelerated rate due to deforestation activities due to agriculture and livestock, since they have an effect on the community of microorganisms present in the soil, which in turn affects the growth of plant species. For this reason, this research aimed to carry out a morphological characterization of the populations of native arbuscular mycorrhiza-forming fungi in soils of the Macarena-Meta region, to understand the biodiversity present in this territory and facilitate conservation actions. For the above, a completely random design and soil sampling was established in the two study areas (Forest and grassland). From each one, three locations were selected (3 livestock farms and 3 forest areas) from which a total of 6 rhizospheric soil samples were obtained. Each sample underwent 5 spore extraction events using the wet decanting and sieving technique followed by centrifugation in 70% sugar solution. With the data obtained, analysis of means was carried out through the t-studens test and the Pearson correlation index was calculated. The extraction and counting of 243,858 AMF spores was achieved throughout the study. When comparing the forest with the pasture, in terms of average number of spores, it was observed that the forest environment (10,421.77 spores/100 g of soil) present a considerable (n=30; p-value: 0.0000000000019209) abundance of spores in contrast to the samples taken in the pasture (5,835,467 spores/100 g of soil). On the other hand, a negative correlation (-0.63347) was evident between the number of spores and the pH of the soil at the sampling sites, that is, with a probability of p=0.00017153, it is evident that the higher the pH In the soil, there is a lower density or number of AMF spores present in them. The spores found corresponded to 36 morphotypes classified taxonomically in three orders (Diversisporales, Glomerales, Paraglomerales). Likewise, it was found that the genus Glomus presented the greatest number of morphs with 17 different forms, followed by Acaulospora (13), Gigaspora (2), Claroideoglomus (2), Paraglomus and Scutellospora each with a single morphspecies. It was possible to conclude that the high richness and abundance of spores found and extracted in this study present enormous potential in the generation of native bioinoculants that can be used for the development of conservation strategies and improvement of soil health in the Macarena region.
Description
Determinar la relación entre la diversidad de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares y la variación de pH en suelos con diferente grado de intervención antrópica de la zona de Caño Cristales, departamento del Meta, que puedan generar una aproximación al impacto causado por el cambio del uso de suelo para la ganadería.
Keywords
Biodiversidad, biorremediación, conservación, micorrizas, Suelos, bioremediation, Biodiversity, mycorrhizae