Factores de riesgo individuales en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes y jóvenes universitarios colombianos- revisión sistemática
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Date
2025-05-21
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Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Type
Trabajo de Investigación e Innovación
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Acceso Restringido - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec
Abstract
Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) como la bulimia, la anorexia y el trastorno por atracones, constituyen un problema de salud pública con una tendencia incremental, en adolescentes y jóvenes universitarios en todo el mundo. En ese orden de ideas, este trabajo consiste en una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica durante los últimos 15 años para identificar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de TCA en adolescentes y jóvenes universitarios en Colombia. Para ello, se adoptó la metodología PRISMA, consultando diferentes buscadores y bases de datos académicas de rigor. En total, se incluyeron diecisiete (17) estudios donde se reportaba una prevalencia entre el 25% y el 85% de riesgo de TCA según los instrumentos usados en cada caso, afectando principalmente a las mujeres y a la población del rango de edad de 16 a 24 años. Asimismo, se encontraron la presencia de una serie de factores individuales como abuso del alcohol, uso de drogas, crítica al cuerpo, dietas estrictas y restrictivas, antecedentes familiares, síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad, disfunción familiar, baja autoestima, percepción distorsionada de la imagen corporal, entre otros, que se manifiestan e interactúan entre sí, aumentando la probabilidad de desarrollar algún TCA en la población adolescente y joven del país, lo cual es consistente con los modelos teóricos multifactoriales como el de Garner (1993). En adición, se reportan otros factores de riesgo que surgen adicionalmente a los propuestos en los objetivos específicos.
Eating Disorders (EDs), such as bulimia, anorexia, and binge eating disorders constitute a public health problem that increasingly affects adolescents and university students worldwide. In this context, this study consists of a systematic review of the scientific literature over the last 15 years to identify risk factors associated with the development of EDs in adolescents and university students in Colombia specifically. To this end, the PRISMA methodology was adopted, consulting various rigorous academic search engines and databases. A total of seventeen (17) studies were included, reporting the prevalence of ED risk between 25% and 85% depending on the instruments used in each case. The prevalence is primarily affected by women and the population between the ages of 16 and 24. Likewise, a series of individual, family and social factors (alcohol abuse, drug use, body criticism, strict and restrictive diets, family history, depressive and anxiety symptoms, family dysfunction, low self-esteem, distorted perception of body image, among others) were found that manifest and interact with each other, increasing the probability of developing an eating disorder in the adolescent and young population of the country, which is consistent with multifactorial theoretical models such as that of Garner (1993). Also, other risk factors that arise in addition to those proposed in the specific objectives are reported.
Eating Disorders (EDs), such as bulimia, anorexia, and binge eating disorders constitute a public health problem that increasingly affects adolescents and university students worldwide. In this context, this study consists of a systematic review of the scientific literature over the last 15 years to identify risk factors associated with the development of EDs in adolescents and university students in Colombia specifically. To this end, the PRISMA methodology was adopted, consulting various rigorous academic search engines and databases. A total of seventeen (17) studies were included, reporting the prevalence of ED risk between 25% and 85% depending on the instruments used in each case. The prevalence is primarily affected by women and the population between the ages of 16 and 24. Likewise, a series of individual, family and social factors (alcohol abuse, drug use, body criticism, strict and restrictive diets, family history, depressive and anxiety symptoms, family dysfunction, low self-esteem, distorted perception of body image, among others) were found that manifest and interact with each other, increasing the probability of developing an eating disorder in the adolescent and young population of the country, which is consistent with multifactorial theoretical models such as that of Garner (1993). Also, other risk factors that arise in addition to those proposed in the specific objectives are reported.
Description
Sintetizar la influencia de los factores de riesgo personales en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes y jóvenes universitarios colombianos a través de una revisión sistemática de estudios realizados en los últimos 15 años
Keywords
Eating disorders, risk factors, adolescents, university students, Colombia, Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, factores de riesgo, adolescentes, jóvenes universitarios, Colombia