Evaluación del riesgo biomecánico en miembros superiores en trabajadores de un centro de entrenamiento en alturas en la ciudad de Medellín en el 2024
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Date
2025-07-31
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Editors
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Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Type
Trabajo de Investigación e Innovación
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Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Abstract
Contexto: Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) en Colombia se presenta como una de las principales causas de enfermedades laborales, afectando principalmente a los miembros superiores puesto que es una de las zonas con mayor riesgo. Objetivo: el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los principales riesgos biomecánicos a los que son expuesto los trabajadores de un centro de entrenamiento en alturas ubicado en la ciudad de Medellín, durante el año 2024. Metodología: Le metodología empleada tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y transversal. En el estudio participaron 10 instructores seleccionados bajo muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Para el levantamiento de la información se aplicaron instrumentos como el Cuestionario Nórdico de Síntomas musculoesquelético, los métodos REBA y RULA para el análisis ergonómico y una matriz de riesgo basada en la GTC 45. El procesamiento de la información se hizo mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron una alta prevalencia de síntomas especialmente en hombros, muñeca y antebrazo, generada por las posturas prolongadas, movimientos repetitivos y manipulación de la carga, El método RULA arrojó un puntaje de 7, lo que indica necesidad de cambios urgentes en las tareas. Por su parte, el REBA mostró un nivel de riesgo máximo (12 puntos), sugiriendo intervención inmediata para prevenir lesiones. El perfil de los participantes fue mayoritariamente masculino, con edades entre 28 y 37 años, y formación profesional en áreas relacionadas con la SST. No se evidenciaron diagnósticos previos de enfermedades laborales, pero sí una alta carga física y mental.
Context: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the leading causes of occupational diseases in Colombia, primarily affecting the upper limbs, as this is one of the areas most at risk. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the main biomechanical risks to which workers at a high-altitude training center located in the city of Medellín are exposed during the year 2024. Methodology: The methodology employed was a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative approach. Ten instructors selected through a non-probability convenience sample participated in the study. Data collection tools included the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire, the REBA and RULA methods for ergonomic analysis, and a risk matrix based on the GTC 45. Data processing was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed a high prevalence of symptoms, especially in the shoulders, wrist, and forearm, caused by prolonged postures, repetitive movements, and load handling. The RULA method yielded a score of 7, indicating the need for urgent changes in tasks. The REBA method showed a maximum risk level (12 points), suggesting immediate intervention to prevent injuries. The profile of the participants was predominantly male, aged between 28 and 37 years, and had professional training in areas related to OSH. No previous diagnoses of occupational diseases were evident, but a high physical and mental load was present.
Context: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the leading causes of occupational diseases in Colombia, primarily affecting the upper limbs, as this is one of the areas most at risk. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the main biomechanical risks to which workers at a high-altitude training center located in the city of Medellín are exposed during the year 2024. Methodology: The methodology employed was a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative approach. Ten instructors selected through a non-probability convenience sample participated in the study. Data collection tools included the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire, the REBA and RULA methods for ergonomic analysis, and a risk matrix based on the GTC 45. Data processing was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed a high prevalence of symptoms, especially in the shoulders, wrist, and forearm, caused by prolonged postures, repetitive movements, and load handling. The RULA method yielded a score of 7, indicating the need for urgent changes in tasks. The REBA method showed a maximum risk level (12 points), suggesting immediate intervention to prevent injuries. The profile of the participants was predominantly male, aged between 28 and 37 years, and had professional training in areas related to OSH. No previous diagnoses of occupational diseases were evident, but a high physical and mental load was present.
Description
Evaluar el riesgo biomecánico en miembros superiores en trabajadores en un centro de
entrenamiento en alturas en la ciudad de Medellín en el 2024
Keywords
Riesgo biomecánico, Trastornos musculoesqueléticos, Ergonomía, Seguridad y salud laboral, Entrenamiento en alturas, Biomechanical risk, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), Ergonomics