Capítulo 2. Relación entre la diversidad de micorrizas y nivel de deterioro del cultivo de cebolla
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Type
Book chapter
Rights
Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Abstract
La agricultura intensiva deteriora la calidad y salud del suelo, generando aumentos en el uso de productos industriales para mantener la productividad. Los hongos formadores de micorriza arbuscular (HMA) se han perfilado como alternativa para mejorar la salud del suelo. Este trabajo evalúa la riqueza y composición de HMA en cultivos de cebolla en Boyacá - Colombia y su relación con la salud del suelo. De 15 fincas con diferente grado de deterioro edáfico, se extrajeron e identificaron los HMA, así también se evaluó la fisicoquímica del suelo. Mediante ACP se determinaron las variables más relacionadas con la variabilidad de las fincas; para evaluar aquellas características edáficas más influyentes en los HMA, se categorizó cada variable fisicoquímica dentro de los parámetros de salud del suelo y mediante tablas de contingencia se seleccionaron aquellas que mostraran efectos significativos sobre los HMA. Se encontraron 23 morfoespecies de HMA tan variables entre fincas como los parámetros edáficos, se evidenció exceso de algunos nutrientes y déficit de otros, con mediana a buena CIC y pH poco uniforme. Se concluye que la salud del suelo, evaluada mediante parámetros fisicoquímicos en cultivos de cebolla de bulbo afecta más la composición que la riqueza de especies de HMA.
Intensive agriculture degrades both soil quality and health, leading to the increasing use of industrial products to maintain productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have emerged as an alternative to improve soil health. This study assesses AMF richness and composition in onion crops in Boyacá, Colombia, and their relationship with soil health. AMFs from 15 farms with varying degrees of soil degradation were extracted and identified, along with soil physicochemical properties. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the most associated variables with farm variability. To determine the edaphic factors influencing AMF occurrence each physicochemical variable was categorized within soil health parameters, and contingency tables were used to select those with significant effects on AMF. 23 AMF morphospecies were identified, showing high variability among farms, similar to edaphic parameters. Nutrient imbalances were observed, some in excess and others deficient, along with moderate to high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and heterogeneous pH. In conclusion, soil health, assessed through physicochemical parameters in onion bulb crops, affects AMF species composition more than species richness.
Intensive agriculture degrades both soil quality and health, leading to the increasing use of industrial products to maintain productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have emerged as an alternative to improve soil health. This study assesses AMF richness and composition in onion crops in Boyacá, Colombia, and their relationship with soil health. AMFs from 15 farms with varying degrees of soil degradation were extracted and identified, along with soil physicochemical properties. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the most associated variables with farm variability. To determine the edaphic factors influencing AMF occurrence each physicochemical variable was categorized within soil health parameters, and contingency tables were used to select those with significant effects on AMF. 23 AMF morphospecies were identified, showing high variability among farms, similar to edaphic parameters. Nutrient imbalances were observed, some in excess and others deficient, along with moderate to high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and heterogeneous pH. In conclusion, soil health, assessed through physicochemical parameters in onion bulb crops, affects AMF species composition more than species richness.
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Keywords
Boyacá, Calidad del suelo, Colombia, Diversidad, Servicios ambientales, Diversity, Environmental services, Soil quality