Elaboración de jabones artesanales mediante el proceso de saponificación en frío con aceite de cocina usado como estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de Ciencias Naturales en estudiantes de grado once del Colegio Gimnasio Monteverde de Lebrija.
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Date
2024-12-13
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Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO
Type
Trabajo de Investigación e Innovación
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Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Abstract
El proyecto tuvo como objetivo general abordar la problemática ambiental generada por la disposición inadecuada de los aceites de cocina usados, en Lebrija, Santander, mediante la elaboración de jabones artesanales a través de saponificación en frío. Se buscó, integrar una metodología educativa innovadora que fomentara la conciencia ambiental y el aprendizaje significativo de conceptos en Ciencias Naturales entre los estudiantes del grado once del Colegio Gimnasio Monteverde.
La investigación se desarrolló bajo el enfoque metodológico del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) y la teoría del Aprendizaje Significativo de Ausubel, con un paradigma interpretativo. Se implementó un diseño mixto y se enmarcó en la Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), lo cual permitió combinar métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos para obtener una visión integral del problema. El proyecto se estructuró en tres fases: (1) diagnóstico del manejo del aceite usado mediante observaciones, encuestas, entrevistas y diálogos informales; (2) capacitación en la técnica de saponificación en frío a través de actividades teóricas y prácticas con apoyo de herramientas TIC; y (3) evaluación del impacto utilizando una matriz DOFA.
Entre los principales hallazgos, se identificó un desconocimiento generalizado de las prácticas sostenibles y puntos de reciclaje, lo cual evidenció la necesidad de intervenir educativamente. Los estudiantes incrementaron significativamente su conciencia ambiental, desarrollaron competencias en química aplicada y sostenibilidad y participaron activamente en la producción de jabones, demostrando la viabilidad técnica del proyecto. Los resultados implican que estrategias educativas prácticas y basadas en proyectos no solo pueden abordar problemas ambientales, sino también empoderar a los estudiantes como agente de cambio, generando impactos positivos en su comunidad.
The project's general objective was to address the environmental problems generated by the inadequate disposal of used cooking oils in Lebrija, Santander, by making artisanal soaps using cold saponification. The aim was to integrate an innovative educational methodology that would promote environmental awareness and meaningful learning of concepts in Natural Sciences among eleventh grade students at Colegio Gimnasio Monteverde. The research was developed under the methodological approach of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Ausubel's theory of Meaningful Learning, with an interpretive paradigm. A mixed design was implemented and framed in Participatory Action Research (PAR), which allowed combining qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain a comprehensive view of the problem. The project was structured in three phases: (1) diagnosis of used oil management through observations, surveys, interviews, and informal dialogues; (2) training in the cold saponification technique through theoretical and practical activities with the support of ICT tools; and (3) impact evaluation using a SWOT matrix. Among the main findings, a general lack of knowledge about sustainable practices and recycling points was identified, which highlighted the need for educational intervention. Students significantly increased their environmental awareness, developed skills in applied chemistry and sustainability, and actively participated in soap production, demonstrating the technical viability of the project. The results imply that practical, project-based educational strategies can not only address environmental problems, but also empower students as agents of change, generating positive impacts in their community.
The project's general objective was to address the environmental problems generated by the inadequate disposal of used cooking oils in Lebrija, Santander, by making artisanal soaps using cold saponification. The aim was to integrate an innovative educational methodology that would promote environmental awareness and meaningful learning of concepts in Natural Sciences among eleventh grade students at Colegio Gimnasio Monteverde. The research was developed under the methodological approach of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Ausubel's theory of Meaningful Learning, with an interpretive paradigm. A mixed design was implemented and framed in Participatory Action Research (PAR), which allowed combining qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain a comprehensive view of the problem. The project was structured in three phases: (1) diagnosis of used oil management through observations, surveys, interviews, and informal dialogues; (2) training in the cold saponification technique through theoretical and practical activities with the support of ICT tools; and (3) impact evaluation using a SWOT matrix. Among the main findings, a general lack of knowledge about sustainable practices and recycling points was identified, which highlighted the need for educational intervention. Students significantly increased their environmental awareness, developed skills in applied chemistry and sustainability, and actively participated in soap production, demonstrating the technical viability of the project. The results imply that practical, project-based educational strategies can not only address environmental problems, but also empower students as agents of change, generating positive impacts in their community.
Description
Implementar la elaboración de jabones artesanales mediante el proceso de saponificación en frío con aceite de cocina usado, como una estrategia pedagógica que fomente el aprendizaje de conceptos de Ciencias Naturales en los estudiantes de grado once del Colegio Gimnasio Monteverde de Lebrija.
Keywords
Used cooking oil, saponification, Project-Based Learning, Waste management, Environmental awareness., Aceite de cocina usado, saponificación, Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos, Gestión de residuos, Conciencia ambiental