Causas de la deserción en aprendices del servicio nacional de aprendizaje en etapa productiva
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Date
2025-09-02
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Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Type
Monografía
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Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Abstract
El presente estudio analiza los factores asociados a la deserción de aprendices en la formación técnica y tecnológica del Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA), con especial énfasis en la etapa productiva. A través de una encuesta aplicada a 200 estudiantes, se identificaron variables socioeconómicas, académicas, institucionales y familiares que inciden en la permanencia. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante cuestionarios en línea y posteriormente codificados y analizados con apoyo de Excel y Jamovi, utilizando tanto variables continuas como cualitativas nominales, ordinales y dicotómicas. Los resultados evidencian que la edad de los aprendices, sus condiciones económicas y el apoyo familiar constituyen factores determinantes en la permanencia. La falta de ingresos suficientes y la necesidad de trabajar para contribuir al hogar emergen como causas principales de deserción. Asimismo, se identificó que un acompañamiento institucional adecuado, el apoyo de las áreas de bienestar y la orientación previa a la práctica empresarial contribuyen a reducir el riesgo de abandono. También se resalta la importancia de la motivación académica y la satisfacción con la formación recibida como elementos que fortalecen la continuidad. En el plano teórico, el estudio confirma la multicausalidad de la deserción y aporta evidencia al marco conceptual de retención estudiantil. En el ámbito práctico, se recomienda la implementación de sistemas de alerta temprana, apoyos económicos focalizados, fortalecimiento del acompañamiento institucional y alianzas estratégicas con las empresas formadoras. Finalmente, se plantean líneas futuras de investigación enfocadas en estudios longitudinales, análisis de género, modalidades de formación y comparaciones internacionales, con el fin de enriquecer el conocimiento sobre este fenómeno.
This study analyzes the factors associated with student dropout in technical and technological training at the National Training Service (SENA), with special emphasis on the internship phase. A survey applied to 200 students was used to identify socioeconomic, academic, institutional, and family-related variables influencing student retention. Data were collected through online questionnaires and later coded and analyzed using Excel and Jamovi, considering both continuous and qualitative variables (nominal, ordinal, and dichotomous). The results show that age, economic conditions, and family support are decisive factors in academic persistence. Insufficient income and the need to work in order to contribute to household expenses emerge as the main causes of dropout. Additionally, proper institutional support, the involvement of the student welfare office, and prior orientation before starting the internship contribute to reducing dropout risks. Academic motivation and satisfaction with the training process are also highlighted as key elements that foster continuity. At the theoretical level, the study confirms the multi-causal nature of student attrition and provides evidence that enriches existing frameworks on student retention. In practical terms, it recommends the implementation of early warning systems, targeted financial support, stronger institutional accompaniment, and strategic alliances with host companies. Finally, future research lines are suggested, including longitudinal studies, gender-based analysis, evaluation of training modalities, and international comparisons
This study analyzes the factors associated with student dropout in technical and technological training at the National Training Service (SENA), with special emphasis on the internship phase. A survey applied to 200 students was used to identify socioeconomic, academic, institutional, and family-related variables influencing student retention. Data were collected through online questionnaires and later coded and analyzed using Excel and Jamovi, considering both continuous and qualitative variables (nominal, ordinal, and dichotomous). The results show that age, economic conditions, and family support are decisive factors in academic persistence. Insufficient income and the need to work in order to contribute to household expenses emerge as the main causes of dropout. Additionally, proper institutional support, the involvement of the student welfare office, and prior orientation before starting the internship contribute to reducing dropout risks. Academic motivation and satisfaction with the training process are also highlighted as key elements that foster continuity. At the theoretical level, the study confirms the multi-causal nature of student attrition and provides evidence that enriches existing frameworks on student retention. In practical terms, it recommends the implementation of early warning systems, targeted financial support, stronger institutional accompaniment, and strategic alliances with host companies. Finally, future research lines are suggested, including longitudinal studies, gender-based analysis, evaluation of training modalities, and international comparisons
Description
Identificar y analizar los factores que influyen en los altos índices de deserción de los aprendices del Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA) durante la etapa productiva con el fin de proponer un plan de acción que contribuya a la permanencia y terminación del proceso formativo.
Keywords
Deserción académica, formación técnica, permanencia estudiantil, Academic dropout, Technical training, Student retention