Capítulo 1. Biodiversidad de microorganismos edáficos asociada a diferentes tipologías de sistemas agroforestales de cacao en Pauna - Boyacá
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Type
Book chapter
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Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Abstract
Los árboles de sombra en los cultivos de cacao en sistemas agroforestales (SAF) influyen en una mayor biodiversidad funcional y albergan microorganismos claves para procesos como el secuestro de carbono, fertilidad suelo, mitigación climática y control biológico. Esta investigación analizó diferentes grupos microbianos y parámetros fisicoquímicos en suelos de SAF de cacao con diferente biodiversidad arbórea en Pauna - Boyacá. Se identificó una comunidad microbiana abundante con hongos filamentosos, levaduras, bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno, bacterias mesófilas aerobias, solubilizadores de fosfato de calcio y actinobacterias similares en ambos sistemas. En cuanto a los parámetros fisicoquímicos del suelo, la mayoría fueron similares en ambos sistemas con alta y baja biodiversidad arbórea, aunque el hierro, manganeso y nitrógeno nítrico fueron mayores en alta biodiversidad, mientras que CIC, azufre, boro, potasio y calcio lo fueron en baja biodiversidad. Los suelos obtenidos de SAF cacaoteros del municipio de Pauna poseen una microbiota edáfica abundante y con una tendencia a que una mayor biodiversidad arbórea del cultivo se asocie a una mayor cantidad de microorganismos en el suelo; y aunque la biodiversidad arbórea no modifica drásticamente las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo, sí puede influir levemente en la disponibilidad específica de algunos nutrientes, como hierro, manganeso, carbono orgánico, fósforo y nitrógeno. Se concluye que los grupos microbianos, como las bacterias mesófilas, solubilizadoras de fosfato de calcio, hongos y actinobacterias, pueden ser menos influenciados por la composición de especies arbóreas que por otras condiciones edáficas o prácticas de manejo agrícola.
Shade trees in cocoa crops within agroforestry systems (AFS) enhance functional biodiversity and support key microorganisms essential for carbon sequestration, improving soil fertility, mitigating climate change, and promoting biological control. This study analyzed microbial groups and physicochemical parameters in the soils of cocoa AFS with varing levels of tree biodiversity in Pauna, Boyacá. An abundant microbial community was identified, including filamentous fungi, yeasts, nitrogenfixing bacteria, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, calcium phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and actinobacteria. The composition of these microbial groups was similar in both high- and low-biodiversity systems. Regarding soil physicochemical parameters, most were consistent between the high- and low-tree biodiversity systems. However, iron, manganese, and nitrate nitrogen levels were higher in the high biodiversity system, while CEC, sulfur, boron, potassium, and calcium levels were higher in the low biodiversity system. Soils from cacao agroforestry systems in Pauna exhibit a rich edaphic microbiota, with a tendency for higher tree biodiversity to correlate with greater microbial abundance in the soil. Although tree biodiversity does not significantly alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil, it may have a slight impact on the availability of certain nutrients, such as iron, manganese, organic carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen. In conclusion, microbial groups like mesophilic bacteria, calcium phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, fungi, and actinobacteria appear to be less influenced by the composition of tree species than by other edaphic conditions or agricultural management practices.
Shade trees in cocoa crops within agroforestry systems (AFS) enhance functional biodiversity and support key microorganisms essential for carbon sequestration, improving soil fertility, mitigating climate change, and promoting biological control. This study analyzed microbial groups and physicochemical parameters in the soils of cocoa AFS with varing levels of tree biodiversity in Pauna, Boyacá. An abundant microbial community was identified, including filamentous fungi, yeasts, nitrogenfixing bacteria, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, calcium phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and actinobacteria. The composition of these microbial groups was similar in both high- and low-biodiversity systems. Regarding soil physicochemical parameters, most were consistent between the high- and low-tree biodiversity systems. However, iron, manganese, and nitrate nitrogen levels were higher in the high biodiversity system, while CEC, sulfur, boron, potassium, and calcium levels were higher in the low biodiversity system. Soils from cacao agroforestry systems in Pauna exhibit a rich edaphic microbiota, with a tendency for higher tree biodiversity to correlate with greater microbial abundance in the soil. Although tree biodiversity does not significantly alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil, it may have a slight impact on the availability of certain nutrients, such as iron, manganese, organic carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen. In conclusion, microbial groups like mesophilic bacteria, calcium phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, fungi, and actinobacteria appear to be less influenced by the composition of tree species than by other edaphic conditions or agricultural management practices.
Description
Keywords
Diversidad biológica, Grupos funcionales microbianos, Theobroma cacao, Agroforestería, Biodiversity, Microbial functional groups, Agroforestry