Evaluación del Riesgo biomecánico en las áreas administrativa, comercial y operativa de una empresa dedicada a la prestación de servicios de ingeniería a través del método RULA.
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Date
2022-08-29
Authors
Rodríguez Fonseca, Angie María
Advisors
Castellanos Muñoz, Adriana María
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Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Abstract
Las evaluaciones de tipo ergonómico en los puestos de trabajo son herramientas importantes para identificar factores que pueden influir en la aparición de afectaciones en la salud de los trabajadores asociadas al riesgo biomecánico. El presente trabajo en primer lugar buscó identificar los peligros y valorar de riesgos de origen biomecánico por medio de la observación y una posterior revisión documental, para luego establecer un método de evaluación ergonómica acorde con lo observado en este caso la carga postural, coherente con esto se propuso y se realizó la evaluación de puestos de trabajo mediante el método RULA que específicamente busca el análisis de carga postural en miembros superiores.Para ello metodológicamente se identificaron peligros, se llevó a cabo un registro fotográfico para evidenciar la ejecución de las tareas para realizar la mediciones de los ángulos por medio del aplicativo Ruler y de esta manera poder alimentar el software Ergoniza para obtener la puntuación para cada puesto de trabajo; la muestra fue no probabilística intencional puesto que los diez trabajadores fueron seleccionados debido a que eran los únicos empleados que se encontraban trabajando en modalidad presencial esto con el fin de poder realizar la evaluación de una forma coherente con su puesto de trabajo, al final de la evaluación se entrega un informe a la organización en el cual se presenta los hallazgos a partir de la aplicación del método ergonómico, con las respectivas conclusiones del estudio y recomendaciones globales por parte del autor.
Ergonomic-type evaluations in the workplace are important tools to identify factors that can influence the appearance of effects on the health of workers associated with biomechanical risk. The present work firstly sought to identify the dangers and assess the risks of biomechanical origin through observation and a subsequent documentary review, to then establish an ergonomic evaluation method in accordance with what was observed in this case, the postural load, consistent with this. The evaluation of jobs was proposed and carried out using the RULA method that specifically seeks the analysis of postural load in upper limbs. For this methodologically, hazards were identified, a photographic record was made to evidence the execution of the tasks to measure the angles through the Ruler application and thus be able to feed the Ergoniza software to obtain the score for each workstation. Worked; the sample was intentional non-probabilistic since the ten workers were selected because they were the only employees who were working in person, this in order to be able to carry out the evaluation in a manner consistent with their job, at the end of the study. Evaluation, a report is delivered to the organization in which the findings are presented from the application of the ergonomic method, with the respective conclusions of the study and global recommendations by the author. In this sense, it was mainly found that according to the RULA method in nine (9) of the workers level 2 of action is required and in one (1) of them level 3 is required, this means that an ergonomic intervention is urgently needed. for the workers of the company, since according to the interpretation the level of action in all cases indicates that changes may be required or necessary or that it is necessary to carry out an investigation that allows more depth or rapid modifications are required in relation to the scheme of the task and/or in the design of the job.
Ergonomic-type evaluations in the workplace are important tools to identify factors that can influence the appearance of effects on the health of workers associated with biomechanical risk. The present work firstly sought to identify the dangers and assess the risks of biomechanical origin through observation and a subsequent documentary review, to then establish an ergonomic evaluation method in accordance with what was observed in this case, the postural load, consistent with this. The evaluation of jobs was proposed and carried out using the RULA method that specifically seeks the analysis of postural load in upper limbs. For this methodologically, hazards were identified, a photographic record was made to evidence the execution of the tasks to measure the angles through the Ruler application and thus be able to feed the Ergoniza software to obtain the score for each workstation. Worked; the sample was intentional non-probabilistic since the ten workers were selected because they were the only employees who were working in person, this in order to be able to carry out the evaluation in a manner consistent with their job, at the end of the study. Evaluation, a report is delivered to the organization in which the findings are presented from the application of the ergonomic method, with the respective conclusions of the study and global recommendations by the author. In this sense, it was mainly found that according to the RULA method in nine (9) of the workers level 2 of action is required and in one (1) of them level 3 is required, this means that an ergonomic intervention is urgently needed. for the workers of the company, since according to the interpretation the level of action in all cases indicates that changes may be required or necessary or that it is necessary to carry out an investigation that allows more depth or rapid modifications are required in relation to the scheme of the task and/or in the design of the job.
Description
Identificar los factores de riesgo biomecánico a los que se encuentran expuestos los trabajadores de las áreas administrativa, comercial y operativa de una empresa dedicada a la prestación de servicios de ingeniería a través de la aplicación del método de evaluación ergonómica RULA, para proponer acciones encaminadas a disminuir la manifestación de signos y síntomas asociados con desordenes musculoesqueléticos en miembros superiores.
Keywords
Ergonomía, Desordenes musculoesqueléticos, Riesgo biomecánico, Sobrecarga postural, Postura prolongada, Método RULA, Riesgos laborales, Prevención, Musculoskeletal disorders, Biomechanical risk, Postural
overload, Prolonged posture, RULA method, Occupational hazards, Prevention