Evaluación del dolor musculo esquelético de las extremidades inferiores y la espalda baja en trabajadores de manufactura de polímeros
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Date
2021
Authors
Villa Villareal, Gisella Andrea
García Londoño, Laura Carolina
Advisors
Osorio Vasco, Jonathan
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Type
Thesis
Rights
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Abstract
Se desarrolló un estudio de enfoque metodológico cuantitativo y de diseño descriptivo transversal para valorar las variaciones de dolor músculo esquelético de las extremidades inferiores y espalda baja de 15 trabajadores (86.7% fueron hombres y el 13.3% mujeres con un promedio de edad de 44 años durante una jornada de trabajo) de una empresa del sector de manufactura de polímeros durante una jornada de trabajo.
Para lograrlo se caracterizó la población de trabajadores estudiada con base en un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de antecedentes. Se identificó el síntoma de dolor en las extremidades inferiores y espalda baja durante una jornada laboral y por último se analizó de forma descriptiva el síntoma de dolor en las extremidades inferiores y espalda baja con los puestos de trabajo.
Las técnicas a utilizar fueron la observación de los trabajadores estudiados al inicio y final de la jornada laboral y se realizaron preguntas a los empleados acerca de la percepción que tenían de la intensidad de dolor en las extremidades inferiores al inicio y final de su horario de trabajo. Los instrumentos a utilizar fueron:
-un cuestionario de antecedentes sociodemográfico para registrar variables como edad y peso pues éstos son condiciones fisiológicas particulares que pueden influir en los resultados de las mediciones. La escala visual análoga, es una escala de valoración del dolor, el cual junto a un mapa del cuerpo distribuido en 21 segmentos corporales ayuda a ubicar la posición exacta del mismo.
Los resultados obtenidos fueron medidos al inicio y final de una jornada laboral donde se puede observar que todos los segmentos del cuerpo tomados para este estudio reflejaron aumento del dolor en las extremidades inferiores. En promedio hubo cambios musculares que aumentaron en promedio en un 5,25 promedio porcentual de la pierna derecha, cuando permanecen una jornada laboral de pie o más del 80% de la misma en posición de pie prolongada.
A study with a quantitative methodological approach and a descriptive cross-sectional design was developed to assess variations in musculoskeletal pain in the lower extremities and lower back of 15 workers (86.7% were men and 13.3% were women with an average age of 44 years during one working day) of a company in the polymer manufacturing sector during one working day. To achieve this, the studied population of workers was characterized based on a sociodemographic and background questionnaire. The symptom of pain in the lower extremities and lower back during a working day was identified and finally the symptom of pain in the lower extremities and lower back with jobs was descriptively analyzed. The techniques to be used were the observation of the workers studied at the beginning and end of the working day and questions were asked to the employees about the perception they had of the intensity of pain in the lower extremities at the beginning and end of their work hours. The instruments to be used were: -a sociodemographic history questionnaire to record variables such as age and weight since these are particular physiological conditions that can influence the results of the measurements. The visual analog scale is a pain assessment scale, which together with a map of the body distributed in 21 body segments helps to locate the exact position of the same The results obtained were measured at the beginning and end of a working day where it can be observed that all the body segments taken for this study reflected increased pain in the lower extremities. On average there were muscular changes that increased on average by 5.25 percentage average of the right leg, when they spend a working day standing or more than 80% of it in a prolonged standing position.
A study with a quantitative methodological approach and a descriptive cross-sectional design was developed to assess variations in musculoskeletal pain in the lower extremities and lower back of 15 workers (86.7% were men and 13.3% were women with an average age of 44 years during one working day) of a company in the polymer manufacturing sector during one working day. To achieve this, the studied population of workers was characterized based on a sociodemographic and background questionnaire. The symptom of pain in the lower extremities and lower back during a working day was identified and finally the symptom of pain in the lower extremities and lower back with jobs was descriptively analyzed. The techniques to be used were the observation of the workers studied at the beginning and end of the working day and questions were asked to the employees about the perception they had of the intensity of pain in the lower extremities at the beginning and end of their work hours. The instruments to be used were: -a sociodemographic history questionnaire to record variables such as age and weight since these are particular physiological conditions that can influence the results of the measurements. The visual analog scale is a pain assessment scale, which together with a map of the body distributed in 21 body segments helps to locate the exact position of the same The results obtained were measured at the beginning and end of a working day where it can be observed that all the body segments taken for this study reflected increased pain in the lower extremities. On average there were muscular changes that increased on average by 5.25 percentage average of the right leg, when they spend a working day standing or more than 80% of it in a prolonged standing position.
Description
Keywords
Dolor, escala visual análoga, extremidades inferiores, espalda baja, manufactura de plástico, volumen, variación, Pain, visual analog scale, lower extremities, lower back, plastic manufacturing, volume, variation