Nematodos de vida libre en suelos de relicto de bosque y cultivo de maíz en la Granja Agroecológico Minuto de Dios
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Date
2022-11-22
Authors
Sánchez Real, Brayan Stive
Castro Godoy, Nicolás Esneider
Advisors
Velasco Belalcázar, Martha Lucia
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios-UNIMINUTO
Type
Thesis
Rights
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Abstract
Los organismos del suelo, entre ellos los nematodos, proporcionan una amplia gama de servicios que contribuyen a la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas ya que juegan un papel fundamental en los ciclos nutrientes y como indicadores de la salud del suelo. Es por esto, que la presente investigación pretendió caracterizar la comunidad de nematodos de vida libre en dos zonas de la Granja Agroecológica de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios- UNIMINUTO, que tienen diferente grado de intervención antrópica. Para ello, se tomaron muestras de suelo rizosférico en dos zonas de la granja en las cuales se han realizado siembra de maíz y en suelos de relicto de bosque. Se realizó la extracción de los nematodos por el método de tamizaje y centrifugación. Los nematodos encontrados fueron identificados a nivel de género y se calcularon índices de diversidad para comparar las zonas de estudio. Se logró la extracción de 448 individuos de nematodos de vida libre de los géneros Monhystrella sp., Plectus sp., Mylonchulus sp., Prismatolaimus sp., Aphelenchoides sp., Aphelenchus sp., Paralongidorus sp., Xiphinema sp., Panagrolaimus sp., Protorhabditis sp., Rhabditis sp., Ditylenchus sp., Belonolaimus sp. y Macrotrophurus sp., los cuales presentan un hábito bacteriófago y fitoparásito en su gran mayoría. Por otro lado, el bosque presentó una diversidad alfa mayor, en índices como el Shannon. Lo encontrado es un aporte al conocimiento de la microfauna de los suelos de la Orinoquia y al entendimiento de la importancia de la cobertura vegetal para la conservación de la biodiversidad en los agroecosistemas.
Soil organisms, including nematodes, provide a wide range of services that contribute to the sustainability of ecosystems since they play a fundamental role in nutrient cycles and as indicators of soil health. For this reason, this research sought to characterize the community of free-living nematodes in two areas of the Agroecological Farm of the Minuto de Dios University Corporation - UNIMINUTO, which have different degrees of anthropic intervention. For this, samples of rhizosphere soil were taken in two areas of the farm in which maize planting has been carried out and in relict forest soils. Nematodes were extracted using the screening and centrifugation method. The nematodes found were identified at the genus level and diversity indices were calculated to compare the study areas. The extraction of 448 individuals of free-living nematodes of the genera Monhystrella sp., Plectus sp., Mylonchulus sp., Prismatolaimus sp., Aphelenchoides sp., Aphelenchus sp., Paralongidorus sp., Xiphinema sp., Panagrolaimus sp., Protorhabditis sp., Rhabditis sp., Ditylenchus sp., Belonolaimus sp. and Macrotrophurus sp., which present a bacteriophagous and phytoparasitic habit in their great majority.
Soil organisms, including nematodes, provide a wide range of services that contribute to the sustainability of ecosystems since they play a fundamental role in nutrient cycles and as indicators of soil health. For this reason, this research sought to characterize the community of free-living nematodes in two areas of the Agroecological Farm of the Minuto de Dios University Corporation - UNIMINUTO, which have different degrees of anthropic intervention. For this, samples of rhizosphere soil were taken in two areas of the farm in which maize planting has been carried out and in relict forest soils. Nematodes were extracted using the screening and centrifugation method. The nematodes found were identified at the genus level and diversity indices were calculated to compare the study areas. The extraction of 448 individuals of free-living nematodes of the genera Monhystrella sp., Plectus sp., Mylonchulus sp., Prismatolaimus sp., Aphelenchoides sp., Aphelenchus sp., Paralongidorus sp., Xiphinema sp., Panagrolaimus sp., Protorhabditis sp., Rhabditis sp., Ditylenchus sp., Belonolaimus sp. and Macrotrophurus sp., which present a bacteriophagous and phytoparasitic habit in their great majority.
Description
Objetivo general
Caracterizar la comunidad de nematodos de vida libre en el suelo del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) y el bosque Ekonuco en la Granja Agroecológica de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios-UNIMINUTO.
Keywords
Biodiversidad, Nativos, Microfauna, Orinoquia, Suelos, Biodiversity, microfauna, orinoquia