Influencia De Los Factores Biopsicosociales En La Práctica De Actividad Física en mujeres en etapa de postparto y cómo influye en El Bienestar Integral Durante el periodo de Puerperio.
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Date
2025-11-14
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Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Type
Monografía
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Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Abstract
El presente trabajo de grado tuvo como fin comprender la influencia de los factores biopsicosociales en la práctica de la actividad física en mujeres en etapa de posparto, desde la psicología del deporte. Se abordó una metodología cualitativa con un enfoque fenomenológico utilizando el estudio de caso como diseño metodológico, a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas únicamente a dos mujeres que pasaron por la etapa de gestación y se encuentran actualmente en el periodo de puerperio, el cual comprende hasta las primeras ocho semanas después del parto.
En los resultados del análisis de las entrevistas se logra evidenciar que la actividad física durante el posparto está mediada por los factores biopsicosociales: factores psicológicos (motivación y autoeficacia), biológicos (recuperación integral y adaptaciones físicas de la etapa) y sociales (apoyo familiar y acompañamiento profesional). Se identificaron dos tipos de motivación que resultan clave para el análisis: la motivación intrínseca, asociada al disfrute, el gusto y el bienestar personal; y la motivación extrínseca, comprendida como las expectativas externas relacionadas con el buen desarrollo del parto o con la obtención de recompensas. En esta misma línea, se observa una ausencia en la orientación y la información brindada desde el área de la salud, lo que dificulta la adherencia al ejercicio en la etapa mencionada.
En conclusión, se logra identificar que el ejercicio no solo es importante durante la etapa del posparto por el bienestar físico, sino también por su impacto en los factores psicológicos y emocionales, los cuales son fundamentales para mantener un equilibrio no solo antes y durante sino también después del embarazo. Se resalta la importancia de un acompañamiento interdisciplinario con enfoque
biopsicosocial, que promueva el empoderamiento femenino, la autonomía y la construcción de hábitos saludables sostenibles que permeen la vida de la mujer durante su puerperio.
Abstract The purpose of this undergraduate thesis was to understand the influence of biopsychosocial factors on the practice of physical activity in postpartum women, from the perspective of sport psychology. A qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach was used, based on semi- structured interviews conducted with two women who had gone through pregnancy and were in the puerperium period, which includes the first eight weeks after childbirth. The analysis of the interviews revealed that physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum is mediated by biopsychosocial factors: psychological factors (motivation and selfefficacy), biological factors (physiological changes inherent to pregnancy), and social factors (family support and professional guidance). Two types of motivation were identified as key to the analysis: intrinsic motivation, associated with enjoyment, pleasure, and personal well-being; and extrinsic motivation, related to external expectations such as a favorable childbirth process or other forms of reward. Likewise, a lack of orientation and information from health professionals was observed, which hinders adherence to exercise during these stages. In conclusion, it was identified that physical activity is not only important during pregnancy and postpartum for physical well-being, but also for its impact on psychological and emotional factors, which are essential to maintaining balance before, during, and after pregnancy. The study highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach with a biopsychosocial focus that promotes female empowerment, autonomy, and the development of sustainable healthy habits that can positively influence women's lives throughout the puerperium period.
Abstract The purpose of this undergraduate thesis was to understand the influence of biopsychosocial factors on the practice of physical activity in postpartum women, from the perspective of sport psychology. A qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach was used, based on semi- structured interviews conducted with two women who had gone through pregnancy and were in the puerperium period, which includes the first eight weeks after childbirth. The analysis of the interviews revealed that physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum is mediated by biopsychosocial factors: psychological factors (motivation and selfefficacy), biological factors (physiological changes inherent to pregnancy), and social factors (family support and professional guidance). Two types of motivation were identified as key to the analysis: intrinsic motivation, associated with enjoyment, pleasure, and personal well-being; and extrinsic motivation, related to external expectations such as a favorable childbirth process or other forms of reward. Likewise, a lack of orientation and information from health professionals was observed, which hinders adherence to exercise during these stages. In conclusion, it was identified that physical activity is not only important during pregnancy and postpartum for physical well-being, but also for its impact on psychological and emotional factors, which are essential to maintaining balance before, during, and after pregnancy. The study highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach with a biopsychosocial focus that promotes female empowerment, autonomy, and the development of sustainable healthy habits that can positively influence women's lives throughout the puerperium period.
Description
Explorar cómo los factores biopsicosociales influyen en la práctica de la actividad física en mujeres en etapa de posparto y su relación con el bienestar integral durante el puerperio
Keywords
Factores de biopsicosociales, Puerperio, Actividad fisíca, Motivación, Autoeficiencia, Psicología del deporte