Significados entorno a las experiencias de violencia obstétrica durante el embarazo, parto y posparto en tres mujeres entre 20 y 45 años de los municipios de Copacabana y Girardota
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Date
2025-12-10
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Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Type
Monografía
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Acceso Restringido - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como propósito comprender los significados que las mujeres entre 20 y 45 años de los municipios de Copacabana y Girardota construyen acerca de la violencia obstétrica durante el embarazo, parto y posparto. La violencia obstétrica se reconoce como una forma de violencia de género e institucional que vulnera la dignidad, autonomía y derechos reproductivos de las mujeres mediante prácticas como intervenciones sin consentimiento, trato deshumanizado, medicalización excesiva, lenguaje indigno y decisiones impuestas que subordinan su experiencia gestacional. La investigación, se sustentó en un enfoque cualitativo desde la psicología social y clínica, orientado por el construccionismo social, la fenomenología y el enfoque hermenéutico, el cual plantea que la realidad y los significados se construyen mediante el lenguaje, la interacción y los discursos culturales. Desde esta perspectiva, el embarazo, el parto y el posparto no son únicamente procesos biológicos, sino experiencias subjetivas y sociales donde intervienen emociones, expectativas, sentimientos, memorias y relaciones de poder. La metodología empleó entrevistas a profundidad y análisis cualitativo para identificar categorías como prácticas institucionales y simbólicas, tipos de violencia obstétrica, vulneración de derechos y consecuencias físicas y psicológicas. Esta aproximación permitió explorar y construir cómo las mujeres mediante las experiencias obstétricas dan un significado a la atención recibida durante el embarazo, parto y posparto.El análisis de las entrevistas realizadas permitió identificar que las mujeres de Copacabana y Girardota experimentaron diferentes formas de violencia obstétrica durante el embarazo, el parto y el posparto. Los relatos evidenciaron que, desde el control prenatal, muchas no recibieron una atención humanizada; los profesionales de salud se limitaron a cumplir procedimientos sin considerar sus creencias, costumbres o necesidades emocionales.
Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore and identify the meanings that women between the ages of 20 and 45 from the municipalities of Copacabana and Girardota construct regarding obstetric violence during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Obstetric violence is recognized as a form of gender-based and institutional violence that undermines women’s dignity, autonomy, and reproductive rights through practices such as interventions without consent, dehumanized treatment, excessive medicalization, disrespectful language, and imposed decisions that subordinate their gestational experience. The research was based on a qualitative approach from social and clinical psychology, guided by social constructionism, phenomenology, and the hermeneutic approach, which posits that reality and meanings are constructed through language, interaction, and cultural discourses. From this perspective, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum are not merely biological processes, but subjective and social experiences involving emotions, expectations, feelings, memories, and power relations.The methodology employed in-depth interviews and qualitative analysis to identify categories such as institutional and symbolic practices, types of obstetric violence, rights violations, and physical and psychological consequences. This approach allowed for the exploration and construction of how women, through obstetric experiences, give meaning to the care received during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. The analysis of the interviews revealed that women from Copacabana and Girardota experienced different forms of obstetric violence during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. The narratives showed that, starting from prenatal care, many did not receive humanized attention; health professionals limited themselves to performing procedures without considering their beliefs, customs, or emotional needs.
Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore and identify the meanings that women between the ages of 20 and 45 from the municipalities of Copacabana and Girardota construct regarding obstetric violence during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Obstetric violence is recognized as a form of gender-based and institutional violence that undermines women’s dignity, autonomy, and reproductive rights through practices such as interventions without consent, dehumanized treatment, excessive medicalization, disrespectful language, and imposed decisions that subordinate their gestational experience. The research was based on a qualitative approach from social and clinical psychology, guided by social constructionism, phenomenology, and the hermeneutic approach, which posits that reality and meanings are constructed through language, interaction, and cultural discourses. From this perspective, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum are not merely biological processes, but subjective and social experiences involving emotions, expectations, feelings, memories, and power relations.The methodology employed in-depth interviews and qualitative analysis to identify categories such as institutional and symbolic practices, types of obstetric violence, rights violations, and physical and psychological consequences. This approach allowed for the exploration and construction of how women, through obstetric experiences, give meaning to the care received during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. The analysis of the interviews revealed that women from Copacabana and Girardota experienced different forms of obstetric violence during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. The narratives showed that, starting from prenatal care, many did not receive humanized attention; health professionals limited themselves to performing procedures without considering their beliefs, customs, or emotional needs.
Description
Comprender los significados que construyen tres mujeres entre 20 y 45 años entorno a la violencia obstétrica durante el embarazo, parto y posparto en los municipios de Copacabana y Girardota
Keywords
Mujeres, Embarazo, Parto, Posparto, Experiencias, Significados, Psicología