Propuesta de Implementación de un Sistema Fotovoltaico en el sector agropecuario en Colombia
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO
El acceso limitado a energía eléctrica confiable en zonas rurales de Colombia representa un desafío crítico para la sostenibilidad del sector agropecuario. El estudio plantea la implementación de sistemas fotovoltaicos como solución para las unidades productivas agropecuarias afectadas por fallos frecuentes, altos costos de operación y dependencia de plantas diésel. La metodología empleada fue de enfoque cuantitativo, basada en análisis de datos de consumo energético, caracterización territorial y modelaciones técnicas utilizando la herramienta PVsyst. Los resultados identificaron regiones prioritarias como Meta, Boyacá y Antioquia, con alta radiación solar (>4,5 kWh/m²/día) y concentración de actividades agropecuarias. Se clasificaron las unidades productivas según su consumo energético y tipo de producción, permitiendo diseñar sistemas solares adaptados. La simulación técnica y financiera evidenció que los sistemas fotovoltaicos reducen en promedio un 35% los costos energéticos, con retornos de inversión estimados entre 4 y 6 años, además de beneficios tributarios como la deducción del 50% en el impuesto de renta y la exclusión de IVA. La gestión del proyecto se estructuró bajo un enfoque híbrido, combinando metodologías PMI y prácticas ágiles Scrum, lo que optimizó la planificación, ejecución y validación en campo. Se concluye que la adopción de energía solar en el sector agropecuario colombiano no solo incrementa la productividad y competitividad de las unidades productivas, sino que también impulsa la sostenibilidad ambiental y apoya la transición energética nacional.
Limited access to reliable electricity in rural areas of Colombia presents a critical challenge for the sustainability of the agricultural sector. This study proposes the implementation of photovoltaic systems as a solution for agricultural production units affected by frequent outages, high operating costs, and dependence on diesel generators. The methodology employed was quantitative, based on the analysis of energy consumption data, territorial characterization, and technical modeling using the tool such PVsyst. The results identified priority regions such as Meta, Boyacá, and Antioquia, with high solar radiation (>4.5 kWh/m²/day) and a concentration of agricultural activities. Agricultural production units were classified according to their energy consumption and type of production, enabling the design of tailored solar systems. Technical and financial simulations showed that photovoltaic systems reduce energy costs by an average of 35%, with investment returns estimated between 4 and 6 years, in addition to tax benefits such as a 50% deduction on income tax and VAT exemption. Project management was structured using a hybrid approach, combining PMI methodologies and agile Scrum practices, which optimized planning, execution, and field validation. It is concluded that the adoption of solar energy in Colombia's agricultural sector not only increases the productivity and competitiveness of production units but also promotes environmental sustainability and supports the national energy transition.
Limited access to reliable electricity in rural areas of Colombia presents a critical challenge for the sustainability of the agricultural sector. This study proposes the implementation of photovoltaic systems as a solution for agricultural production units affected by frequent outages, high operating costs, and dependence on diesel generators. The methodology employed was quantitative, based on the analysis of energy consumption data, territorial characterization, and technical modeling using the tool such PVsyst. The results identified priority regions such as Meta, Boyacá, and Antioquia, with high solar radiation (>4.5 kWh/m²/day) and a concentration of agricultural activities. Agricultural production units were classified according to their energy consumption and type of production, enabling the design of tailored solar systems. Technical and financial simulations showed that photovoltaic systems reduce energy costs by an average of 35%, with investment returns estimated between 4 and 6 years, in addition to tax benefits such as a 50% deduction on income tax and VAT exemption. Project management was structured using a hybrid approach, combining PMI methodologies and agile Scrum practices, which optimized planning, execution, and field validation. It is concluded that the adoption of solar energy in Colombia's agricultural sector not only increases the productivity and competitiveness of production units but also promotes environmental sustainability and supports the national energy transition.
Formular un proyecto de implementación de sistemas fotovoltaicos de autogeneración menores a 100 kwp que optimice la productividad del sector agropecuario en Colombia, reduciendo las interrupciones en el suministro eléctrico y mejorando los costos energéticos
Agricultural production units, project management, agricultural sector, solar energy
Alvarez Montoya, D., & Toloza Rivera, B. (2025). Propuesta de Implementación de un Sistema Fotovoltaico en el sector agropecuario en Colombia. [Monografía, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO]. Repositorio UNIMINUTO.