Contribuciones del deporte en la salud mental y física de los jóvenes adultos. Una revisión de la literatura
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Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Abstract
Antecedentes: Diversos estudios han evidenciado que la actividad física y el deporte promueven el bienestar emocional, físico y social en jóvenes adultos. Autores como Urrea Cuéllar y Barbosa Granados (2018) destacan su relación con la autorregulación emocional, la autoestima y la prevención de trastornos mentales. Asimismo, investigaciones recientes (Martín‑Torres & Gómez‑Restrepo, 2024) confirman su papel como factor protector frente a la ansiedad y la depresión.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de literatura en bases de datos como Google Académico, SciELO, Dialnet y repositorios universitarios, utilizando palabras clave relacionadas con deporte, salud mental, jóvenes adultos y bienestar psicológico. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2025 que analizaran la relación entre actividad física, salud mental y salud física. La información se organizó mediante una matriz documental y se categorizaron los hallazgos en beneficios psicológicos, físicos y psicosociales.
Resultados: Los estudios revisados evidencian una convergencia teórica en torno a los efectos positivos del deporte sobre la salud mental y física. En el ámbito psicológico, se identificó reducción de ansiedad, depresión y estrés, así como aumento de autoestima, resiliencia y bienestar subjetivo. A nivel físico, se observaron mejoras en la condición muscular y cardiovascular, además de una disminución del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas. En el ámbito psicosocial, se resaltó el fortalecimiento del trabajo en equipo, la cohesión social y el sentido de pertenencia.
Discusión: Los hallazgos permiten comprender el deporte como una herramienta integral de promoción de la salud en jóvenes adultos. Su impacto se articula con el modelo biopsicosocial, al contribuir simultáneamente en dimensiones biológicas, cognitivas, emocionales y sociales. No obstante, persisten desafíos relacionados con el acceso a espacios deportivos, la continuidad en la práctica y la falta de programas institucionales accesibles.
Background: Various studies have shown that physical activity and sports promote emotional, physical, and social well-being in young adults. Authors such as Urrea Cuéllar and Barbosa Granados (2018) highlight their relationship with emotional self-regulation, self-esteem, and the prevention of mental disorders. Likewise, recent research (Martín-Torres & Gómez-Restrepo, 2024) confirms their role as a protective factor against anxiety and depression. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, SciELO, Dialnet, and university repositories, with keywords related to sports, mental health, young adults, and psychological well-being. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 that analyzed the relationship between physical activity, mental health, and physical health were included. The information was organized in a documentary matrix, and findings were categorized into psychological, physical, and psychosocial benefits. Results: The reviewed studies show theoretical convergence regarding the positive effects of sports on mental and physical health. Psychologically, reductions in anxiety, depression, and stress were identified, along with increases in self-esteem, resilience, and subjective well-being. Physically, improvements were observed in muscular and cardiovascular condition, as well as a reduced risk of chronic diseases. At the psychosocial level, strengthened teamwork, social cohesion, and sense of belonging were highlighted. Discussion: The findings support the understanding of sports as an integral tool for health promotion in young adults. Its impact aligns with the biopsychosocial model, contributing simultaneously to biological, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions. However, challenges remain regarding access to sports spaces, continuity of practice, and the lack of accessible institutional programs.
Background: Various studies have shown that physical activity and sports promote emotional, physical, and social well-being in young adults. Authors such as Urrea Cuéllar and Barbosa Granados (2018) highlight their relationship with emotional self-regulation, self-esteem, and the prevention of mental disorders. Likewise, recent research (Martín-Torres & Gómez-Restrepo, 2024) confirms their role as a protective factor against anxiety and depression. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, SciELO, Dialnet, and university repositories, with keywords related to sports, mental health, young adults, and psychological well-being. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 that analyzed the relationship between physical activity, mental health, and physical health were included. The information was organized in a documentary matrix, and findings were categorized into psychological, physical, and psychosocial benefits. Results: The reviewed studies show theoretical convergence regarding the positive effects of sports on mental and physical health. Psychologically, reductions in anxiety, depression, and stress were identified, along with increases in self-esteem, resilience, and subjective well-being. Physically, improvements were observed in muscular and cardiovascular condition, as well as a reduced risk of chronic diseases. At the psychosocial level, strengthened teamwork, social cohesion, and sense of belonging were highlighted. Discussion: The findings support the understanding of sports as an integral tool for health promotion in young adults. Its impact aligns with the biopsychosocial model, contributing simultaneously to biological, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions. However, challenges remain regarding access to sports spaces, continuity of practice, and the lack of accessible institutional programs.
Description
Analizar las contribuciones del deporte a la salud mental y física de los jóvenes adultos, a partir de los hallazgos reportados en la literatura científica.
Citation
Moreno Pava, K. J., & Balcero Martin, L. J. (2025). Contribuciones del deporte en la salud mental y física de los jóvenes adultos: Una revisión de la literatura. [Monografía para optar por el título de Psicólogo, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO]. Repositorio UNIMINUTO.
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