Revisión sistematizada de las intervenciones psicológicas para el burnout y la sobrecarga en cuidadores de personas con Alzheimer y otras Demencias: Aportes desde Latinoamérica y España (2000-2023)
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Date
2024-10-11
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Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Type
Monografía
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Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Abstract
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir los aportes de la literatura científica en torno a las intervenciones psicológicas en el tratamiento del síndrome de burnout y sobrecarga en cuidadores de personas con Alzheimer en Latinoamérica y España entre los años 2000 a 2023, describiendo el contenido de las intervenciones implementadas y sus efectos sobre la sobrecarga y el burnout en quienes asumen el rol de cuidado de los pacientes. Esto se realizó mediante una revisión sistematizada de intervenciones encontradas en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y repositorios institucionales, obteniendo una muestra de 34 artículos que cumplieron los criterios implementados en la fase de evaluación mediante el protocolo SALSA. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que diversos enfoques terapéuticos pueden ser efectivos para reducir la sobrecarga y el burnout en cuidadores. Aunque la terapia cognitivo-conductual destaca por su eficacia, los enfoques dinámicos, multidisciplinarios y la terapia sistémica también demuestran resultados prometedores. Sin embargo, las intervenciones que no mostraron resultados significativos incluyeron las corrientes que en diferentes estudios han demostrado tener un impacto positivo. Lo cual sugiere que la falta de efectividad no se debe a un enfoque específico, sino a la influencia de otros factores. Estos resultados destacan la importancia considerar la evidencia científica, sin dejar de lado los factores socioculturales, como la desigualdad de género en el cuidado en las intervenciones. Por ende, es esencial implementar programas específicos que alivien la carga y el burnout, especialmente en mujeres cuidadoras.
The aim of this study was to describe the contributions of the scientific literature on psychological interventions in the treatment of burnout syndrome and overload in caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease in Latin America and Spain between 2000 and 2023, describing the content of the interventions implemented and their effects on overload and burnout in those who assume the role of caregiver of patients. This was done by means of a systematized review of interventions found in the databases PubMed, Scielo and institutional repositories, obtaining a sample of 34 articles that met the criteria implemented in the evaluation phase using the SALSA protocol. The results obtained suggest that various therapeutic approaches can be effective in reducing caregiver overload and burnout. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy stands out for its efficacy, dynamic, multidisciplinary approaches and systemic therapy also show promising results. However, the interventions that did not show significant results included those approaches that have been shown to have a positive impact in different studies. This suggests that the lack of effectiveness is not due to a specific approach, but to the influence of other factors. These results highlight the importance of considering scientific evidence, without neglecting sociocultural factors, such as gender inequality in care in interventions. Therefore, it is essential to implement specific programs to alleviate the burden and burnout, especially in women caregivers.
The aim of this study was to describe the contributions of the scientific literature on psychological interventions in the treatment of burnout syndrome and overload in caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease in Latin America and Spain between 2000 and 2023, describing the content of the interventions implemented and their effects on overload and burnout in those who assume the role of caregiver of patients. This was done by means of a systematized review of interventions found in the databases PubMed, Scielo and institutional repositories, obtaining a sample of 34 articles that met the criteria implemented in the evaluation phase using the SALSA protocol. The results obtained suggest that various therapeutic approaches can be effective in reducing caregiver overload and burnout. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy stands out for its efficacy, dynamic, multidisciplinary approaches and systemic therapy also show promising results. However, the interventions that did not show significant results included those approaches that have been shown to have a positive impact in different studies. This suggests that the lack of effectiveness is not due to a specific approach, but to the influence of other factors. These results highlight the importance of considering scientific evidence, without neglecting sociocultural factors, such as gender inequality in care in interventions. Therefore, it is essential to implement specific programs to alleviate the burden and burnout, especially in women caregivers.
Description
Describir los aportes de la literatura científica en torno a las de intervenciones psicológicas en el tratamiento del síndrome de burnout y sobrecarga en cuidadores de personas con Alzheimer en Latinoamérica y España entre los años 2000 a 2023.
Keywords
Psychological interventions, Alzheimer's disease, Burden, Burnout, Intervenciones psicológicas, Alzheimer, Sobrecarga, Burnout