Capítulo 3. Alternativas biotecnológicas para el manejo integrado del cultivo de aguacate
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Date
2025
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Publisher
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO
Type
Book chapter
Rights
Acceso Abierto - http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Abstract
Colombia posee condiciones agroecológicas favorables para el cultivo de aguacate, un producto con alto potencial de exportación que impulsa la diversificación agrícola, atrae inversión extranjera y genera empleo rural. Sin embargo, plagas y enfermedades afectan su productividad y calidad, lo que históricamente ha llevado al uso intensivo de agroquímicos. Las crecientes restricciones sobre estos productos han generado la necesidad de alternativas sostenibles, como los agentes de control biológico (ACBs). En los últimos años, la Unidad de Fitosanidad y Control Biológico – UFCB ha desarrollado diferentes investigaciones buscando ofrecer soluciones biotecnológicas en el manejo del cultivo. A través de proyectos enfocados en la poscosecha, el mejoramiento genético, el sistema productivo y la calidad de insumos, el grupo ha identificado microorganismos nativos con potencial biocontrolador, formulado prototipos de bioproductos con viabilidad comercial y avanzado en la propagación clonal y caracterización genética del cultivo. Este capítulo es el resultado de años de trabajo, narrando cada etapa del proceso de investigación: desde la bioprospección de microorganismos hasta la validación de bioformulados en condiciones reales. Más allá del aguacate, estas experiencias demuestran la importancia de la investigación y la colaboración entre ciencia y agroindustria para desarrollar bioproductos innovadores que contribuyan a la productividad y sostenibilidad agrícola.
Colombia has favorable agroecological conditions for avocado cultivation, a highexport potential product that drives agricultural diversification, attracts foreign investment, and generates rural employment. However, pests and diseases affect its productivity and quality, historically leading to the intensive use of agrochemicals. Increasing restrictions on these products have created the need for sustainable alternatives, such as biological control agents (BCAs). In recent years, the Plant Health and Biological Control Unit – UFCB has conducted various research efforts aimed at offering biotechnological solutions for avocado crop management. Through projects focused on post-harvest management, genetic improvement, production systems, and input quality, the group has identified native microorganisms with biocontrol potential, formulated prototype bioproducts with commercial viability, and advanced in clonal propagation and genetic characterization of the crop. This chapter is the result of years of research, detailing each stage of the process, from microbial bioprospecting to the validation of bioformulations under real conditions. Beyond avocado, these experiences demonstrate the importance of research and collaboration between science and the agroindustry to develop innovative bioproducts that contribute to agricultural productivity and sustainability.
Colombia has favorable agroecological conditions for avocado cultivation, a highexport potential product that drives agricultural diversification, attracts foreign investment, and generates rural employment. However, pests and diseases affect its productivity and quality, historically leading to the intensive use of agrochemicals. Increasing restrictions on these products have created the need for sustainable alternatives, such as biological control agents (BCAs). In recent years, the Plant Health and Biological Control Unit – UFCB has conducted various research efforts aimed at offering biotechnological solutions for avocado crop management. Through projects focused on post-harvest management, genetic improvement, production systems, and input quality, the group has identified native microorganisms with biocontrol potential, formulated prototype bioproducts with commercial viability, and advanced in clonal propagation and genetic characterization of the crop. This chapter is the result of years of research, detailing each stage of the process, from microbial bioprospecting to the validation of bioformulations under real conditions. Beyond avocado, these experiences demonstrate the importance of research and collaboration between science and the agroindustry to develop innovative bioproducts that contribute to agricultural productivity and sustainability.
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Keywords
Aguacate, Agentes de Control Biológico (ACBs), Bioprospección, Pudrición radicular, Enfermedades poscosecha, Sostenibilidad agrícola, Avocado, Biological Control Agents (BCAs), Bioprospecting, Root rot, Postharvest diseases, Agricultural sustainability