Análisis de la morbilidad sentida osteomuscular y su relación con la carga física en el personal de pavimentos exteriores de una empresa del sector de la construcción y obra civiles de Bogotá
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Date
2021-06-01
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Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Abstract
El propósito de este estudio es identificar la morbilidad sentida osteomuscular y su
relación con la carga postural en el personal de pavimentos exteriores de una empresa de
construcción y obra civiles de Bogotá, dado que los desórdenes musculoesqueléticos (DME) de
origen laboral generan un alto impacto en la salud de los trabajadores.
De acuerdo con estudios de los DME, su aparición se debe a diferentes factores, como
el cambio biomecánico, por estar de pie todo el tiempo; o al levantamiento de cargas, fatiga,
exposición larga a los periodos de trabajo, sobreesfuerzo de las extremidades superiores; por
esa razón, tratar este tema a tiempo es de suma importancia para el personal de salud
ocupacional y los trabajadores de pavimentos exteriores de una empresa del sector
construcción.
Para llevarlo a cabo, se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo en el que se incluyeron 19
trabajadores: 18 hombres y 1 mujer, con edades entre los 36 y 64 años. Los factores más
sobresalientes en este estudio fueron las condiciones laborales, las jornadas extensas de
trabajo y los pocos descansos. Con respecto a la carga postural, el levantamiento de cargas,
los movimientos y las posturas prolongadas o forzadas, hay que decir que afectan los brazos,
hombros, muñecas, codos o antebrazos, y la zona dorsal y lumbar, que también se encuentran
asociadas a los DME.
En el estudio se aplicaron dos instrumentos Owas para evaluar la carga postural y el
cuestionario Nórdico para evidenciar la sintomatogía o molestias en algunas partes del cuerpo
de los trabajadores de pavimentos exteriores de una empresa del sector construcción. Con
estos métodos se pudo evidenciar cuál sintomatología presentaba cada uno de ellos, y, de esa
manera, se observó que había molestias en algunas partes del cuerpo. La evidencia indica que
hay riesgo de padecer desórdenes musculoesqueléticos, debido a la fuerza ejercida derivada
de la carga física, la manipulación de carga, las condiciones posturales que utilizan para
desarrollar las actividades; a esto se le suma la carga mental, por los turnos extensos de
trabajo. El estudio se orientó hacia la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias que permitan la
reducción y prevención de desórdenes musculoesqueléticos en el sector construcción.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) of occupational origin, generate a high impact on the health of workers, treating this issue in time is of utmost importance for occupational health personnel and the company of exterior pavements of the construction sector. According to studies of MSDs, it is due to different factors, such as biomechanical change due to standing all the time, lifting loads, fatigue, long exposure to work periods, overexertion of the upper extremities. In the study, two owas instruments were applied to evaluate the postural load and the Nordic questionnaire to show the symptoms or discomfort in some parts of the body in outdoor pavement workers of a company in the construction sector with these methods it was possible to show what symptoms each of them presented, and thus it was observed that they showed discomfort in some parts of the body, The evidence indicates that there is a risk of suffering (MSD) musculoskeletal disorders due to the force exerted by the physical load, the manual handling of loads, the postural conditions used to develop the activities, to this is added the mental load, due to the extensive work shifts, the study leads us to the need to develop strategies that allow the reduction and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in the construction sector. The purpose of this study is to identify the osteomuscular morbidity and its relation with the postural load in the personnel of exterior pavements of a company of the construction and civil works sector in Bogota. A descriptive study was carried out where 19 workers were included, the participants were 18 men and 1 woman with ages between 36 and 64 years old, the most outstanding factors in this study were: the working conditions, the extensive work shifts, few rests. With respect to the postural load, lifting loads, prolonged and forced postures and repetitive movements where the most affected parts were the arms, shoulders, wrist, elbow or forearms and the dorsal and lumbar area to which musculoskeletal disorders are associated.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) of occupational origin, generate a high impact on the health of workers, treating this issue in time is of utmost importance for occupational health personnel and the company of exterior pavements of the construction sector. According to studies of MSDs, it is due to different factors, such as biomechanical change due to standing all the time, lifting loads, fatigue, long exposure to work periods, overexertion of the upper extremities. In the study, two owas instruments were applied to evaluate the postural load and the Nordic questionnaire to show the symptoms or discomfort in some parts of the body in outdoor pavement workers of a company in the construction sector with these methods it was possible to show what symptoms each of them presented, and thus it was observed that they showed discomfort in some parts of the body, The evidence indicates that there is a risk of suffering (MSD) musculoskeletal disorders due to the force exerted by the physical load, the manual handling of loads, the postural conditions used to develop the activities, to this is added the mental load, due to the extensive work shifts, the study leads us to the need to develop strategies that allow the reduction and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in the construction sector. The purpose of this study is to identify the osteomuscular morbidity and its relation with the postural load in the personnel of exterior pavements of a company of the construction and civil works sector in Bogota. A descriptive study was carried out where 19 workers were included, the participants were 18 men and 1 woman with ages between 36 and 64 years old, the most outstanding factors in this study were: the working conditions, the extensive work shifts, few rests. With respect to the postural load, lifting loads, prolonged and forced postures and repetitive movements where the most affected parts were the arms, shoulders, wrist, elbow or forearms and the dorsal and lumbar area to which musculoskeletal disorders are associated.
Description
Identificar la morbilidad sentida osteomuscular y su relación con la carga postural en el
personal de pavimentos exteriores de una empresa del sector de la construcción y obra civiles
de Bogotá en el año 2021.
Keywords
Osteomuscular, Pavimentos, Musculoesqueletico, Biomecanico