Browsing by Author "Grizzle, Alton"

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    9 Aptitudes and 7 excellences of media and information literacy for public good: A purpose-driven and critical feflection.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2023) Grizzle, Alton
    This paper argues for media and information literacy (MIL) as a public good. When nations and peoples are informed, media and information literate, engaged, and empowered, information as a public good becomes possible and sustainable. However, for people to be empowered with media and information literacy, media and information literacy itself must be a public good. In this paper, the author shares what was in his mind and heart when the 5 Laws of Media and Information Literacy were articulated and invites partners around the world to pour into this container intended to stimulate a melting pot of knowledge. For the first time, using the proposed 9 Aptitudes and 7 Excellences of Media and Information Literacy, this paper buttresses the argument that media and information literacy is a public good and must be deployed for the public good. It is a way for people to guard their minds and hearts.
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    Combating Cyberbullying in Nigeria: A Case for the Media and Information Literacy City.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Olonode, Ayodeji; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    The value neutrality of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) affords users the luxury of determining the gratification to be derived from technological devices usage, whether positive or adverse. The outbreak of menaces such as cyberbullying, which is an adverse externality of technology’s value neutrality, has necessitated the development of country-specific laws, established to address cyberbullying. While acknowledging the roles of these antibullying policies and other multidisciplinary control measures, either recommended or already in use, this study investigated the prevalence of cyberbullying in Nigeria and its control measures, through a review of studies that had been conducted in Nigeria. From the review, it was noted that most of the available studies were conducted in educational silos and focused on legal and psychological control models without recourse to the socio and techno-cultural context of cyberbullying as a derivative of information society. This article, within the context of information society, recommends media and information literacy education as a tool for addressing cyberbullying.
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    Contributors
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
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    Data literacy in the smart city: why Smart cities should be populated by MIL Citizens.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Audenhove, Leo Van; Mariën, Ilse; Heyman, Rob; Walravens, Nils; Den Broeck, Wendy Van; Demeulenaere, Andy; Ballon, Pieter; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    Smart Cities typify the current and future data-rich environments. In these types of environments, technology and the analysis of vast data facilitate more intelligent choices and actions—largely automated using algorithms and artificial intelligence—related to mobility, security, energy use, culture, markets, etc. (Ballon, van der Graaf, & Walravens, 2017). A discussion on the necessity of data literacy has emerged from debates on datafication, big data, open data, artificial intelligence, and algorithms. The question, however, lies on the relation between media and data literacy. In this contribution, we reflect on aspects of data literacy by examining the literature on smart cities and data in smart cities. We argue that smart cities are not automatically media and information-literate cities. Furthermore, smart cities can only become media and information-literate cities by actively developing an open data context, involving citizens in data projects, empowering civil society participation, and stimulating data literacy in a broad sense.
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    Digital Citizenship through the Use of Crowdsourced Data: Mapping Sexual Violence in Public Spaces.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) D’Silva, ElsaMarie; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    This chapter examines how crowdsourced data of women’s experiences of sexual violence in public spaces can aid the search for local solutions by engaging communities and institutional service providers, such as the police. The data provide a basis for creating a space for dialog based on insights gained from understanding the patterns and trends that are location-based, and they are great tools for enhancing digital citizenship. The chapter further illustrates the potential willingness of communities and local authorities to participate in solutions and describes the importance of storytelling and digital citizenship in this context. The chapter highlights the work done by non-profit Red Dot Foundation, in India together with partners in Kenya and Nepal. The chapter concludes by asserting that crowdmapping is a multifaceted tool, which makes women aware of potentially dangerous locales. Crowdmapping empowers women to report incidents that help keep others safe, and provide a source of data to advise on best practices for avoiding street harassment and assault in public spaces. This chapter supports the Global Framework for Media and Information Literacy Cities (MIL cities) by demonstrating how the Safecity website and mobile application tools support the creative dissemination of knowledge, media literacy, and empowerment of women and girls to enhance place-based community safety
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    Digital Falsehoods and their Analog Consequences: The “Fake News” Strategy and its Mitigation.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) De Gara, Lisa Jane; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    Governments worldwide struggle with “fake news” and disinformation. While “fake news” is not an accurate term, it is critical in describing the intentionally disruptive propaganda or disinformation using a news media format. “Fake news” may be executed by malevolent state-level or grassroots actors to disrupt elections and civic life. Current discourses often misidentify “fake news” as simply wrong information, rather than evaluate political motivations for its spread and identify the groups vulnerable to its influence. As more cities strive to adopt an “MIL cities” mandate, the means to tackle misinformation must be included to ensure efficacy. This paper evaluates the dangers of neutral conceptions of “fake news” to MIL, and why addressing discontent rather than disinformation is a better approach for reducing the harms of “fake news.
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    Dispositions, Sensitivities, and Inclinations: The Importance of the Smart-City Citizen.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Ciccone, Michelle; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    Smart cities promise to improve the lives of citizens. However, as smart-city systems become more effective and efficient, they become invisible, which may lead to the abuse and disempowerment of smart-city citizens. To achieve an equal and active participation of citizens in the development and regulation of the smart city, diverse stakeholders must work to ensure that the smart-city citizen develops certain dispositions, including sensitivity to opportunity and an inclination to engagement. Three essential principles for any media and information literacy city initiative include developing infrastructure literacy, a sense of continuous technological development, and a sensitivity to embedded ethical dilemmas.
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    Introduction: Living in Media and Information Literate Cities.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    Cities are large learning spaces (McKenna, 2016). Over half of the world’s population—3.9 billion people—currently lives in cities. The projection is that 2.5 billion more people will live in urban spaces by 2050, meaning the world will be almost 70% urban. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Cities Platform responds to this plausible reality with eight networks and programs, drawing on its strong interdisciplinary approach to leverage city spaces for the maximum benefit for denizens (UNESCO, n.d.-b).
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    Media and Information Literacy Among Children on Three Continents: Insights into the Measurement and Mediation of Well-being.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Livingstone, Sonia; Burton, Patrick; Cabello, Patricio; Helsper, Ellen; Kanchev, Petar; Kardefelt-Winther, Daniel; Perović, Jelena; Stoilova, Mariya; Yu, Ssu-Han; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    In understanding and promoting positive outcomes for children’s Internet use, media and information literacies (MILs) play a crucial mediating role, by enabling opportunities for learning, creating, expressing oneself and participating and by facilitating coping and building resilience. This chapter explains the approach adopted by Global Kids Online (GKO), a multinational research partnership, seeking to generate robust evidence that can inform policy and practice regarding children’s internet use in diverse cities and countries internationally. The chapter presents the rationale for GKO’s multidimensional approach to MIL and issues of measurement, social desirability, and cross-national comparison. Additionally, it presents recent findings showing cross-national similarities in higher operational levels than creative skills and differences between higher and lower income countries; it is noteworthy that gender differences in children’s digital skills are found to be minimal. Having shown that the GKO quantitative research toolkit successfully operationalizes the range of MILs also addressed by comparable international frameworks, we recommend the approach to future researchers, concluding with an evidence that GKO’s research results are now being used to inform national policy and practice regarding children’s learning in a digital age.
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    MIL Cities and MIL Citizens: Informed, Engaged, Empowered by Media and Information Literacy (MIL).
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2022) Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás; Arroio, Agnaldo; Audenhove, Leo Van; Ballon, Pieter; Bonami, Beatrice; Brennan, Deborah; Den Broeck, Wendy Van; Browne, Harry; Burton, Patrick; Cabello, Patricio; Ciccone, Michelle; Demeulenaere, Andy; D’Silva, ElsaMarie; Fontefrancesco, Michele Filippo; De Gara, Lisa Jane; Hamada, Masatoshi; Helsper, Ellen; Kanchev, Petar; Kardefelt-Winther, Daniel; Le Voci Sayad, Alexandre; Livingstone, Sonia; Muñoz, Estrella Luna; Machuca, Gerardo; Mariën, Ilse; Mauaie, Clara Cacilda; Olonode, Ayodeji; Perović, Jelena; Stoilova, Mariya; Walravens, Nils; Yu, Ssu-Han; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    The UNESCO UNITWIN Cooperation Programme on Media and Information Literacy and Intercultural Dialogue (MILID) is based on an initiative from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the UN Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC). This Network was created in line with UNESCO’s mission and objectives, as well as the mandate of UNAOC, to serve as a catalyst and facilitator helping to give impetus to innovative projects aimed at reducing polarization among nations and cultures through mutual partnerships. This UNITWIN Network is composed of universities from different geographical areas: Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain), University of the West Indies (Jamaica), Cairo University (Egypt), University of Sao Paulo (Brazil), Temple University (USA), Tsinghua University (China), Moulay Ismail University (Morocco), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (Morocco), University of Guadalajara (Mexico), Western University (Canada), University of Gothenburg (Sweden), Sorbonne Nouvelle University (France), Punjabi University, Patiala (India), University of the South Pacific (Fiji), University of South Africa (South Africa), Nnamdi Azikiwe University (Nigeria), Ahmadu Bello University (Nigeria), Lagos State University (Nigeria), University of Jors (Nigeria), University of Calabar (Nigeria), Hosei University (Japan), University of Latvia (Latvia), Moscow Pedagogical State University (Russia), Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios UNIMINUTO (Colombia), Vytautas Magnus University (Lithuania), MICA (India), University of Campinas (Brazil). The main objectives of the Network are to foster collaboration among member universities, to build capacity in each of the countries in order to empower them to advance media and information literacy and intercultural dialogue, and to promote freedom of speech, freedom of information and the free flow of ideas and knowledge. Specific objectives include acting as an observatory for the role of media and information literacy (MIL) in promoting civic participation, democracy and development as well as enhancing intercultural and cooperative research on MIL. The programme also aims at promoting global actions related to MIL and intercultural dialogue. In such a context, a MILID Yearbook series is an important initiative. This MILID Yearbook is a result of a collaboration between UNESCO UNITWIN Cooperation Programme on Media and Information Literacy and Intercultural Dialogue, The Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO (Colombia) and the University of Gothenburg (Sweden).
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    Reading the Word and the World:Empowering Mozambican Health Teachers through VideoProduction.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Arroio, Agnaldo; Mauaie, Clara Cacilda; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    The aim of this chapter is to present an experience related to a professional teacher development program conducted in the Republic of Mozambique with in-service teachers from the Ministry of Health. An educational program for professional development was designed to support the improvement of teachers’ skills in the use of different media in classrooms. The program was established in 15 health training institutes across the country. Data was collected from the analysis of pre- and postquestionnaires, interviews, and the materials produced (videos) during the educational program. The results showed that an important achievement of this educational program was the production of digital video as teaching material for health education. Moreover, the introduction of media literacy helped them to develop a critical vision in which teachers recognized the importance of representing the context in instructional materials, as well as promoting basic health care for the Mozambican population who are not literate in Portuguese, so that the videos produced can disseminate basic health information to improve the lives of these people who speak other languages.
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    Self-Development on campus: A case study on MIL Development in Teacher Education in Colombia.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Durán-Becerra, Tomás; Machuca, Gerardo; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    To address the human capital and education challenges of today’s societies, Colombia needs to train citizens capable of generating changes in a globalized society where information and media are key. A research project aimed at providing MIL training to teachers was proposed by the Corporación Unificada Nacional de Educación Superior (Unified National Corporation of Higher Education) - CUN, a representative educational actor that provides access to tertiary education at a national level (both online and face-to-face). The objective of the project was to improve actions regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and strengthen knowledge networks among actors involved in training processes in different regions of the country that have been affected by years of violence. This article reports a case study on a first-time experience launched in 2017. The experience aimed to establish—through the application of a mixed approach online survey—the potential and limitations of MIL on the different university campuses and respond to the training needs of teachers through the design of an MIL teacher training course. The results showed that MIL has numerous possibilities in the regions in terms of individuals’ self-development and teacher qualification. Although the surveyed teachers were unaware aware of this, their answers demonstrated skills related to MIL. This indicates that increasing MIL teacher training at the university level can result in better organizational culture and better teaching practices among the CUN community. Currently, these first analysis outcomes are being applied in the Bogotá campus to create an MIL training course and formulate an MIL institutional policy.
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    Theorizing Media and Information Literacy: Emotional Communication through Art for Young People during Unusual Life Experiences.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Hamada, Masatoshi; Oyeleye, Kofoworola; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    This study applies the new social change theory called Media and Information Literacy Expansion (MILx ), as developed by Grizzle and Hamada (2019), to the UNESCO Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Cities framework (UNESCO, 2019). MILx considers MIL competencies, acquisition, and application by individuals, groups, and institutions simultaneously. MILx also models the potential multiplier outcomes of this approach when MIL is integrated with other social competences. MILX proposes that we cannot reach optimal social value proposition, value enhancement, and value expansion if MIL interventions only focus on individuals. The study also explores the likely positive changes in outcomes when MILX is united with emotional competencies as another variable in the model. Specifically, this paper focuses on MILX incorporating “emotional literacy” (Singh & Duraiappah, 2020) and the interaction that occurs in the selected target group of children and youth, their peers, their families, and the institutions with which they engage. A practical design of MILX demonstrates how MIL can correspond with efforts to counter disinformation and misinformation with deeper changes in mindset (Cinzia et al., 2015). It theorizes how, with MILX, emotional communication through art creates a synergistic effect on individuals, groups, and institutions. Art is widely used for psychological therapy because it can identify relationships between physical and psychological states. We used an art-based research methodology to theorize communication from the individual to society based on empirical analysis. Data from youth and children’s responses to the 2011 tsunami catastrophe area in Ishinomaki, Japan, were analyzed in this context. Further research is required to strengthen the findings to actualize the strong emotional dimensions that exist in people’s engagement in the information ecology toward and beyond the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals
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    Translations of the media and information literacy concept: Tracing policy terms in the Latin American countries.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Bonami, Beatrice; Le Voci Sayad, Alexandre; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    This chapter addresses the linguistic uses of the media and information literacy (MIL) concept. The chapter explores how the MIL concept is translated into local languages in the Hispanic linguistic area, namely, Portuguese and Spanish in the Latin American Countries. We begin by investigating how the MIL concept has developed over the last 70 years through United Nations’ recommendations. After presenting some visualizations of its chronological development, we identify the main countries by applying the concepts to Facebook and Twitter as social networking platforms, interrogating how the platforms translate the expression into Portuguese and Spanish. We apply systematic review and social network data mining. This paper hopes to provide clarity on how the MIL concept has gradually developed over the past 70 years and how it is locally translated and applied; the linguistic variations of the MIL concept is a case for further research.
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    Words Are Stones: Countering Hate Speech Among Young Generations in Europe.
    (Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO, 2021) Fontefrancesco, Michele Filippo; Grizzle, Alton; Jaakkola, Maarit; Durán-Becerra, Tomás
    While the Media and Information Literacy (MIL) City’s framework highlights the objectives of global social inclusion using digital tools and resources, the phenomenon of online hate speech poses a grave threat. To provide policymakers, professionals, and educators with fresh insight into this phenomenon; this chapter presents the results of the research conducted within the European project “Words are Stones.” Through a campaign of focus groups conducted in eight European countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Italy, Romania, and Spain) in 2018; the research highlighted the low level of digital awareness and scarce digital empathy that characterize the use of digital media among young adults. These elements create fertile ground for hate speech. To build functional MIL cities, this chapter advocates for new initiatives that promote full and mature MIL among so-called digital natives, to help: 1) understand the deep interconnection and interaction between online and offline spaces in everyday life, 2) raise awareness on the phenomenon of hate speech, and 3) explain the contributions that MIL stakeholders, such as families, schools, and NGOs, can have in preventing and alleviating hate speech.